1. Chapter 8 – Groups
Part 2: Oct. 22, 2010

2. Group Performance Process loss can reduce group perf. How?
Brainstorming example –

3. Group Polarization
Group discussion strengthens members’ initial attitudes  polarization
Typical Group Study:
What is the procedure/method?
Found ‘risky shift’ effect – what is it?

4. 1. Groups pool ideas that favor dominant viewpoint.
How does this work?
2. Social Comparison – what is the effect?

5. Groupthink Janis’ 1972 research – analyzed historical group decisions
Pearl Harbor, Bay of Pigs
Recent examples?
Groupthink – tendency of groups to repress dissenting opinions in favor of group harmony and cohesion.

6. Symptoms of Groupthink
1. Illusion of Invulnerability
2. Belief in Group’s Moral Superiority
Symptoms 1 & 2 combine 
3. Rationalization
4. Stereotypes of Opponents
Symptoms 3 & 4 combine 

7. 5. Pressure to Conform –
6. Self-Censoring –
7. Illusion of Unanimity –
8. Mindguarding –

8. Reducing Groupthink Solutions focused on leadership –
Solutions focused on decision making –
Solutions focused on group members -

9. Improving Group Performance
Through goal setting –
What types of goals work best?
Through technology –
What decision making methods work well?
Through diversity –
Distinguish betw short-term & long-term outcomes: