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Fig. 2 The temperature-dependent evolution of phase structures and surface states for the Ti-MWW– and SiO2-supported Mn2O3-Na2WO4 catalysts in O2 or CH4 at 720° to 800°C. The temperature-dependent evolution of phase structures and surface states for the Ti-MWW– and SiO2-supported Mn2O3-Na2WO4 catalysts in O2 or CH4 at 720° to 800°C. (A to C) XRD patterns. The Mn3+ fractions evolving at (D) 800°C, (E) 760°C, and (F) 720°C. (G to I) Raman spectra. The Ti-MWW–supported catalyst reduced in CH4 at 800°C for 0.5 hour exhibits dominant MnTiO3 signal. After subsequent oxidation in O2 stream for 1 min at 800°C, 2 min at 760°C, and 4 min at 720°C, the MnTiO3 signal disappears, whereas the TiO2 appears, and is reformed in CH4 stream for 9 min at 800°C, 15 min at 760°C, and 30 min at 720°C. The SiO2-supported catalyst reduced in CH4 at 800°C for 0.5 hour exhibits a dominant MnWO4 signal. After subsequent oxidation in O2 stream for 3 min at 800°C, 15 min at 760°C, and 30 min at 720°C, the MnWO4 signal disappears, whereas the Mn2O3 appears, and can be reformed in CH4 stream for 15 min at 800°C, 35 min at 760°C, and 60 min at 720°C. The detailed calculations of the Mn3+ fractions are given in the Supplementary Materials. Pengwei Wang et al. Sci Adv 2017;3:e Copyright © 2017, The Authors
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