1. Unit 11 Organic Chemistry

2. Bonding In Carbon Atoms
Covalent
Carbon always forms 4 bonds
Can form both polar and non-polar compounds
Being organic means you have carbon
Non-electrolytes
Molecular Solids
Low Melting points and Low boiling points

4. Hydrocarbons Compounds that are made of just hydrogen and carbon
Form the backbone of many types of organic compounds
The hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon can be replaced with other atoms or bonds to form new organic compounds

6. Properties of Hydrocarbons
Covalent
Polar Bonds but Non-Polar molecules
Soft Solids(Think Butter) or Liquids, or gases at room temperature
Bonds are weak
Contain a lot of energy in the bonds and so they are used as fuels

8. Alkanes Hydrocarbons that contain all single Hydrogen and Carbon Bonds
These are SATURATED because every carbon is using the maximum number of bonds (all single bonds)
Used primarily for energy
More carbon = more energy
More carbon = higher MP and BP
More carbon = stronger structure

10. Saturated Vs. Unsaturated
Saturated hydrocarbons contain the maximum number of bonds possible
All single bonds, no unused spaces
In nutrition, these are the bad stored fats that we are told to avoid
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons

11. Unsaturated
These are hydrocarbons that do not have the maximum number of bonds
In these molecules we have spaces created by double or triple bonds within the chain
Alkenes and Alkynes are unsaturated
Nutritionally these are the “good” fats that we should be getting in our diets

14. Alkenes Hydrocarbon with at least ONE carbon-carbon double bond
Double bond makes these stronger than alkanes
Have higher melting and boiling points
Position of the double bond needs to be indicated in the name
Start with Ethene because of we need at least two carbons for the 2x bond

16. How do I name an Alkene?
Carbon with the double bond MUST have the lowest number possible
Once this is established, name and number all groups making sure the double bond keeps its lowest number
All alkenes end with “ene”
Can be branched

17. Alkynes
Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
End with “yne”
These are the strongest hydrocarbons due to the triple bone
Have high melting points and high boiling points
Start with ethyne because we need at least 2 carbons for the 3x bond

19. How do I name an Alkyne
Carbon with the triple bond must have the LOWEST number possible in the chain
Once this is established, name and number all attached groups as before
Check to make sure the triple bond has the lowest number
Name with location numbers and end with “yne”