1. What changes did Gorbachev bring to the Soviet Union?
Essential Question
What changes did Gorbachev bring to the Soviet Union?

2. What problems were the Soviets facing?
By the 1980s, some Soviet leaders began to think about changing the Soviet Union
The nation was suffering from many problems that communism could not fix:
A weakening economy
Shortages of consumer goods
Poor working conditions
A slow and corrupt government

3. He was the last leader of the Soviet Union
Who led this time of change?
One of those reformers became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985…
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV ( )
He was the last leader of the Soviet Union

4. How did Gorbachev help their problems?
Gorbachev believed that the Soviet Union could not afford to continue the arms race with the United States
He agreed to talk with US President Reagan
1987 – INF TREATY created
Called for the destruction of nuclear weapons

5. …Gorbachev could put more money into his new programs…
What did this lead to?
With military spending reduced…
…Gorbachev could put more money into his new programs…

6. What was perestroika? Began in 1986 PERESTROIKA
Restructuring the economy
Restructuring the government
By 1990, non-Communist parties were allowed to organize

7. “Gorbachev has made the Soviet Union safe for dissent”
What was glasnost?
In the past, people who criticized the government were:
Punished
Kicked out of the country
Sent to forced labor camps
GLASNOST
“Gorbachev has made the Soviet Union safe for dissent”
A policy of openness – citizens could say or write what they thought without facing punishment

8. What was demokratizatsiya?
Began in 1987
DEMOKRATIZATSIYA
Moving toward democracy – more than one Communist candidate could run for office
People who wanted to bring changes to the Soviet Union could now have more of a say in the government

9. How did revolutions affect Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union?
Essential Question
How did revolutions affect Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union?

10. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said he would not interfere
Why did changes occur in Eastern Europe?
The changes in the Soviet Union caused Eastern European nations to seek changes in their countries
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said he would not interfere

11. People opposed to communism were elected to lead these countries
How did Eastern Europe change?
Peaceful revolutions occurred in:
Poland
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
Romania
Bulgaria
People opposed to communism were elected to lead these countries

12. What about Germany? Revolution eventually spread to Germany…
Nov. 9, 1989 – The gates of the Berlin Wall are opened
The Berlin Wall was torn down in hatred
Within a year, Germany was ONE democratic nation

13. All 15 Soviet republics declared their independence
What about the Soviet Union?
Communists in the Soviet Union feared a revolution in their country…
… they formed a coup and attempted to takeover the government…
Russia
The coup failed!
All 15 Soviet republics declared their independence

14. What happened to the Soviet Union?
The President of Russia outlawed communism
Mikhail Gorbachev announced the end of the Soviet Union
The Cold War was over!!!

15. What Russia like after the Cold War?
Since the end of the Cold War, there have only been three leaders of Russia
Dmitry Medvedev ( )
Boris Yeltsin ( )
Vladimir Putin ( ) (2012-Present)

16. What changes were brought to Russia?
Created a market economy (similar to the United States)
Fought against Chechnya (a province that wanted its independence)
Allowed the purchase and sale of land (an attempt to boost economic growth)
Joined the World Trade Organization in 2012