1. Chapter 32 : Lesson 2 Human Geography of Australia & New Zealand

2. Essential Question
How did migration and geography influence the history and governments of Australia and New Zealand?

3. What comes to your mind when we talk about Aussie culture?

4. Basic Facts on Australia
Capital: Canberra
Population: 22.6 million
Is a commonwealth of Britain
it is a government still connected to Britain whose participants are all equal
Officially recognizes Queen Elizabeth as its monarch & Head of State—as a CEREMONIAL leader
Australia operates under a parliamentary democracy and has a Prime Minister (Tony Abbott)
Also a governor-general who reports directly to the queen on behalf of Australia (Quentin Bryce)

5. Australia
Only continent that is also a country

6. Great Barrier Reef
One of the world’s natural wonders, located on Australia’s Northeastern coast
Made of coral, which is the limestone skeletons of sea animals
World’s largest coral reef

7. Creatures of the Great Barrier Reef
Great White Shark
Man of War Jellyfish

8. Australian Outback Very dry and ARID Area where few people live
Ayer’s Rock – Popular tourist site in the outback

9. Climate

10. Native People The Aborigines: the indigenous people of Australia
Migrated from Asia at least 40,000 years ago
Nomadic people, never established permanent settlements
Hunted with boomerangs

11. Australia Settled & colonized by the British
Was set up as a colony for convicts (Penal Colony)

12. Environment Europeans introduced to Australia:
Camels
Rabbits
Sheep
Sugarcane
Native Animals to Australia:
Kangaroos
Koalas
Wallabies

13. Governor General Peter Cosgrove Prime Minister Martin Turnbull
The Governor General (R) has more power, technically, than the Prime Minister (L) since she is a representative of the “official” Head of State, her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. However, the PM plays a much larger role in law-making

14. The History Aborigines have lived in the region for over 40,000 years
European contact began when Australia was founded by Captain James Cook in 1770; he claimed land for Britain
Gold rush in the late-1800s massive (European) immigration into the region
Increased population and increased exploration allowed for “Crown Colonies” to be established in the 1800s
1901: six colonies became a federation
Commonwealth of Australia was established!

15. The Flag of Australia
Union Jack flag (British)
Chosen in 1901; legally made the official flag in 1954
Only flag to fly over an entire continent

16. Australia Today: Aborigine Culture
Ceremony
Rock Art

18. Australian Culture: Non-Aborigine
Culture is heavily influenced by British colonization:
Most practice some form of Christianity
Official language: Australian English
Pastimes also influenced by the British
Still, they have things of their own! 

19. Strine: Australian English that has a unique vocabulary made up of Aboriginal words, terms used by early settlers and slang created by modern Australians

21. Uggs are made in Australia
Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world—partially because of a hole in the ozone layer, and partially because of the numerous outdoor activities Aussies participate in.
Vegemite to Australians is what PB & J sandwiches are to Americans
Rugby, brought by the British, is a very popular (and violent) sport in Australia

22. Famous Aussies

23. Celebrated Holidays Australia Day: January 26 ANZAC Day: April 26
Celebrates the first arrival of convicts on Botany Bay, near Sydney
(really, the first British settlement, 1788)
ANZAC Day: April 26
ANZAC= Australian & New Zealand Army Corps
Honors the Australian & New Zealand soldiers who died in WWI & WWII
Easter Sunday (depends)
Queen’s Birthday (2nd Monday in June)
Christmas: December 25
Usually celebrated on the beach (what season is it in Australia?)

24. Basic Facts: New Zealand
Capital: Wellington
Population: 4.4 million
Is a commonwealth of Britain
it is a government still connected to Britain whose participants are all equal
Officially recognizes Queen Elizabeth as its monarch & Head of State—as a CEREMONIAL leader
NZ ALSO operates under a parliamentary democracy and has a Prime Minister (John Key)
Also a governor-general who reports directly to the queen on behalf of New Zealand (Jerry Mateparae)

25. History Settled by Polynesians in 700s (“Maori”); created own culture
James Cook actually reached New Zealand BEFORE Australia and was the first explorer to circumnavigate the area (1769)
Was adopted into the British Empire in 1880
Eventually, Europeans took over  Maori impoverished

26. Prime Minister John Key
Similar to Australia, New Zealand’s Governor-General (R) holds more power than the PM. Jerry Mateparae is the first Maori person to hold this office! Queen Elizabeth is still the Head of State, but usually only in a ceremonial capacity

27. New Zealand North Island & South Island
Very diverse landmass: plains, lakes, mountains, plateaus, volcanoes  site of the filming of the Lord of the Rings films

28. Settled & colonized by the British
Large producer of wool & other sheep related products

29. Climate
With the exception of its mountain areas, New Zealand has only one climate region, Marine West Coast
Rain falls throughout the year
Temperatures are mild

30. Native People The Maori: indigenous people of New Zealand
Came from Polynesia to settle New Zealand

31. Review Question:
Chapter 32 : Lesson 2
Read pages and answer Review Questions on page 787. Hand in Google Class Room.