1. PERIWINKLE (SADABAHAR) - CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS INFO +BENEFITS BY –MAMOONA GHAFFAR

2. VARIETY OF PERIWINKLE FLOWERS

3. PERIWINKLE (SADABAHAR) COMMON NAME (S) / SYNONYMS Madagascar periwinkle Rose periwinkle Rosy periwinkle red periwinkle Cape periwinkle Old maid Church-flower Ram-goat rose Myrtle Magdalena Scientific Name(s) Catharanthus roseus

4. Other names  C. roseus is known as boa-noite ("good night") and maria-sem-vergonha ("shameless maria", name shared with Impatiens and Thunbergia alata) in Brazilian PortugueseImpatiensThunbergia alataBrazilian Portuguese  Vinca-de-madagáscar, vinca-de-gato ("cats' vinca"), vinca-branca (white vinca), vinca or boa- noite in European PortugueseEuropean Portuguese  Vinca del Cabo, vinca rosa ("pink vinca") or vinca rosada ("roseous vinca") in SpanishSpanish  Putica ("little whore") in VenezuelaVenezuela  Teresita in the southern part of Mexico, specifically in Champotón, Campeche and Mérida, [33] [33]  İzmir Güzeli ("Smyrna beauty") in Turkish, indicating the city that has the best climate conditions for it to flourish in Turkey  Dhafnaki (Δαφνάκι, "little Daphne") in Greece and CyprusCyprus  The Afrikaans name "kanniedood" ("cannot kill") is often used in South AfricaSouth Africa  "Sadaphuli"( सदाफुली ) in MarathiMarathi  Nithya Kalyani ( நித்ய கல்யாணி )  Sudukaatu Mallikai in Tamil NaduTamil Nadu  It is called Nayantara ( নয়নতারা, "eyeball") in Bengali. নয়নতারাBengali  It is called "Billa Ganneru" ( బిళ్ళ గన్నేరు ) in Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh

5. PERIWINKLE (SADABAHAR) Native to the west indies It first was described in madagascar. Evergreen shrub Native to Madagascar In the wild, it is an endangered plant The main cause of decline is habitat destruction by slash and burn agriculture. Periwinkle is a perennial herb with flowers Bloom throughout the year, depending on the climate These often are bred for their unique colors, Colors ranging from white to green-yellow and lavender The related plant vinca minor (common periwinkle, myrtle) is used as a ground cover.

6. MORPHOLOGY FLOWER Flowers are white to dark pink with a darker red centre, with a basal tube 2.5–3 cm (1.0–1.2 in) long and a corolla 2–5 cm (0.8–2.0 in) diameter with five petal-like lobes. Flowerscorolla STEM Erect LEAF Leaves are oval to oblong, 2.5–9 cm (1.0–3.5 in) long and 1–3.5 cm (0.4– 1.4 in) broad, glossy green, hairless, with a pale midrib and a short petiole 1–1.8 cm (0.4–0.7 in) long; they are arranged in opposite pairsLeaves

7. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES LEAVES ROOT FLOWER Vomit Used in diabetes (Enhanced secretion of insulin) Young leaves for stomach cramps Alkaloids anti-cancer As application to wasp, bee stings Purgative, vermifuge, depurative,hemostatic For dysentery Antibacterial, antifungal Extract used for eyewash in infants Asthma

8. Phytochemical elements o Alkaloids o Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids(MIAs) o Vinblastine o Vincristine o Vinflunine o Ajmalicine o Serpentine o Catharanthine o Vindoline o Reserpine

9. VINCRISTINE & VINBLASTINE CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS –STUDIED EXTENSIVELY FOR ITS REMARKABLE ANTICANCER CONSTITUENTS VINCRISTINE & VINBLASTINE. These two are very powerful anticancerous compounds of terpenoid indole alkaloids. The productivity of vinblastine and vincristine is very low in plants (0.001-0.0003%) resulting in their extraordinary high price.This poses a serious challenge to all including biotechnologists as to improve the yield and to reduce unit cost. Vincristine – c46h56n4o10, more active, less stable, less used, used in acute leukemia especially in children. Vinblastine -c46h58n4o9,more used, used for Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer.

10. MISCELLANEOUS USES Periwinkle alkaloids have been used in the treatment of leukemia, Hodgkin disease, malignant lymphomas, neuroblastoma, wilms tumor, kaposi sarcoma, mycosis fungoides, to improve cerebral blood flow, and treat high blood pressure. The most well known of the "vinca" alkaloids derived from c. Roseus are vinblastine (vincaleukoblastine, velban) and vincristine (leurocristine, oncovin), which are now widely used pharmaceutical anticancer agents. An extensive body of literature exists on the clinical uses of the various purified alkaloids of catharanthus.

11. SIDE EFFECT Vinblastine- Causes birth defects so not used for pregnant, Bone marrow damage is a limiting factor Vincristine- Neurotoxicity is dose limiting factor causes damage to peripheral NS

13.  Periwinkle was already referred to as medicinal plant at the time of Pedanius Dioscorides (1st century AD), who recommended the use of the herb for a toothache and poisonous insect stings and animal bites.  Pliny the Elder (23-79 CE), a Roman naturalist and philosopher, wrote that in his time it was widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.  In the Middle Ages, periwinkle was often recommended as a treatment for a sore throat, nosebleed, and various lung diseases and it was a common ingredient in many love potions popular at that time.  Medieval herbal literature also refers to the herb as a remedy for a headache, dizziness, and lapses of memory.  In France, periwinkle was regarded as is a symbol of friendship, Uses of periwinkle in the past

14.  Periwinkle has a tonic, astringent (contracting), styptic, antihypertensive, vasodilatory (widening of the blood vessels) and diuretic properties.  As an astringent, the herb can be used both internally and externally. The main application of the herb is for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding, either during menstruation (menorrhagia) or bleeding between periods (metrorrhagia).  It can also be used for digestive problems such as gastritis (inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining) and diarrhea by strengthening the mucous membranes resulting in reduced fluid or blood loss.diarrhea  The astringent effect of periwinkle can be exploited by using extracts of the leaves externally as a mouthwash or a gargle for a sore throat, gingivitis and mouth ulcers, and as a washing, wet compresses or covers to treat minor skin inflammations, eczema, milk scab, vaginal discharge, and wounds. Furthermore, the herb has also be used to halt nosebleeds by placing the leaves directly into the nostrils.a sore throateczema Medicinal Applications of Periwinkle

15. The Active Substance Vincamine  In 1953, vincamine was identified as the main active ingredient in periwinkle and soon after the chemical structure of the substance was mapped.  Studies have shown that patients suffering from poor memory, behavioral disorders, speech disturbances, irritability, restlessness, dizziness, and headaches showed significant improvement when administered vincamine.  Today, there are a number of pharmaceutical medications for various ailments that contain this substance.  However, it soon became apparent that vincamine had very specific actions on the blood flow to the brain. Possibly due to a strengthening and softening effect the substance has on the thin arteries, which in turns improves blood supply to the brain and the inner ear.  The main indications for vincamine seem to be for mild forms of high blood pressure (hypertension), vascular retinopathy associated with hypertension, Meniere’s disease (a disorder of the inner ear causing dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, pressure or pain), cerebral arteriosclerosis, dementia and some symptoms cause a stroke.dementia  Neither lesser periwinkle or greater periwinkle contain the anti-cancer alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine (potent cytotoxins) which are found in the closely related plant Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus/Vinca rosea)

16. Periwinkle Tea Benefits  Lowers Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure Levels  Fights Cancer  Acts as an Antioxidant  Improves Your Memory  Treats Bleeding Gums and Mouth Sores  Periwinkle Tea Helps in Fending off Memory Loss and Senility  Treats lung congestion and sore throats  Reduces chances of hearing loss  Vinpocetine found in the Tea works as a Calcium-Chelating Mediator

18. What are the constituents of Periwinkle Tea? The tea is rich in alkaloids. The vinca has at least 86 different alkaloids including vincamine vinblastine, vincristine, vinpocetine alstonine,, leurocristine, ajmalicine and reserpine. Periwinkle Tea Preparation To make a cup of Periwinkle tea, you will need a teaspoon of dried periwinkle leaves. Pour the leaves into a cup full of boiling water and let it steep for 5-10 minutes. Once steeping is done, strain to remove the herbs. After staining your cup of the healthy periwinkle, tea is done. Most people find the tea too bitter. You can sweeten it by adding honey or fruit juice or even Stevia.Stevia

19. Dosage and Administration  As tea: Add one teaspoon of the dried herb to one cup of boiling water. Steep for 10 to 15 minutes and then strain. For therapeutic purposes, three cups can be drunk daily.  As a tincture: 1-2 ml three times a day.  As a gargle: Two tablespoons of the dried herb boiled in a ½ liter of water for a few minutes.  Since periwinkle is slightly toxic, internal self-medication of the herb is now discouraged.  If the herb is intended for internal medicinal uses it should only be done under the guidance of a trained herbalist or other professional healthcare provider.

20. Possible Side Effects and Interactions of Periwinkle  Periwinkle is slightly poisonous and ingesting excessive amounts of the herb can be dangerous. In large quantities, the herb can be harmful to the kidneys and nervous system, cause problems in the digestive tract and serious hypotension.  Also, the plant contains substances that can irritate the skin and mucous membranes.  Treatments for periwinkle poisoning may include; inducing vomiting and administration of activated charcoal.  The herb should never be used during pregnancy.  Vincamine, or extracts containing standardized vincamine content, should only be used if prescribed by a medical doctor.  Vincamine preparations should not be used in cases ofbrain tumors, retinal bleeding or during pregnancy, and should not be used in conjunction with loop diuretics, laxatives, and arrhythmia medications.

22. Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharanthus_roseus https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/periwinkle-herb.html https://www.slideshare.net/kisanvimal/sadabaharperiwinkle https://www.foxnews.com/health/rosy-periwinkle-a-life-saving- https://www.onlymyhealth.com/periwinkle-tea-controlling-diabetes- 1351685163planthttps://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-637/madagascar- periwinklehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC194756/https://www.foxnews.com/health/rosy-periwinkle-a-life-saving- https://www.onlymyhealth.com/periwinkle-tea-controlling-diabetes- 1351685163planthttps://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-637/madagascar- periwinklehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC194756/ https://www.drugs.com/npc/periwinkle.html https://food.ndtv.com/health/sadabahar-for-diabetes-how-to-use-this-ayurverdic-wonder-to- manage-blood-sugar-levels-1909267https://food.ndtv.com/health/sadabahar-for-diabetes-how-to-use-this-ayurverdic-wonder-to- manage-blood-sugar-levels-1909267 Photos : Mostly my own clicks Just few from google search

23. Thank You For Attention Feel Free To Ask Questions Regards : Mamoona Ghaffar