1. Evolution: Mechanisms
To see where we might be going, we must understand where we have been
Robert Tamarkin, 1993

2. Natural Selection
“Things exist either because they have recently come into existence or because they have qualities that made them unlikely to be destroyed in the past.” ― Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design

3. Charles Darwin
Not exactly a star student, but he revolutionized the scientific view of the natural world with his Theory of Natural Selection
Traveled on the Beagle where his journey began in 1831 for a 5 year voyage
The Beagle traveled from Europe to the Galapagos Islands then to Australia around the Cape of Good Hope and back to Europe

4. Observations aboard the Beagle
Species vary globally
a. Two similar species live in different areas of the world
Species vary locally
tortoises in the Galapagos islands
finches in the Galapagos island
Species vary overtime
Fossils of extinct animals looked like living animals

5. Artificial Selection
Darwin also believed artificial selection supports the idea of evolution

6. Artificial Selection
manipulated by humans to produce desirable traits.
With table buddy list three examples

7. Natural Selection
Natural Selection: best suited to their environment survive and produce offspring
Fitness-How well an organism can survive
Adaptation- heritable characteristic

8. Conditions Necessary for Natural Selection
Overpopulation-leads to completion for resources
Struggle for existence
Genetic Variations – size, form, speed, camouflage, strength, horns, etc. -
Survival of most fit- pass along characteristics to offspring.

10. Types of Selection Directional Selection Stabalizing Selection
Disruptive Selection

11. Directional Selection
Favoring one phenotype over others –
Examples
Darker-colored Peppered Moths in England and the Industrial Revolution
mouse population- brown mice on the brown forest floor.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the use of antibiotics
Pesticide resistance in insects

13. Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
(VRE)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea)
Clostridium difficile.
Gram-negative Bacteria.

14. Allele Frequency Changes
Peppered Moths During the
Industrial Revolution in
England
Dark Color is Dominant
Show a change over time in
three generations following
darkening of the trees