1. Carnot´s struggle to get grip of heat and work

2. Clausius´ struggle to get grip of entropy
First law: Energy conservation

4. Total differential of a state function: Gibbs free energy
Closed system =>
V follows from the equationof state
Process: (P1,V1,T1,n1) => (P2,V2,T2,n1)

5. Total differential of a state function: Gibbs free energy
Closed system =>
V follows from the equationof state

6. Total differential of a state function: Gibbs free energy
Closed system =>
V follows from the equationof state

7. Total differential of a state function: Gibbs free energy

8. Total differential of a state function: Gibbs free energy
Closed system =>
Any change in G
Total differential of G
Characteristic
(fundamental)
equation of G

10. Mixtures of components (non-ideal); Open system
chemical potential
of component i
components i

11. Mixtures of components (non-ideal); Open system
Characteristic
equation of G
for open system