1. A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Ch. 10 WHAP
A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe

2. Quick Write
What were the factors in the decline of the Byzantine Empire? (List 4)
Turkish invasions seized Asiatic portions of empire
Reduced food supplies and tax base of empire
Growing economic and political power of western Europe
Western crusade in 1204 temporarily conquered Byzantine capital
Slavic kingdoms in Balkans challenged Byzantine authority
Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.

3. Feudalism; legal and military customs, prevalent in medieval Europe, between the 9th & 15th
“In the name of God, St. Michael and St. George, I dub thee knight. Be Valiant”

4. Review
In the first centuries of the current era one of the great power of the world was Rome.
All Southern Europe, Africa and parts of Asia was controlled by the Romans
The Mediterranean, was the great trade route of the known world, it was theirs, and the countries bordering upon it became the provinces of Rome
By the end of the 5th century, Roman imperial government had come to an end in the West as that half of the empire was thoroughly overrun by Germanic people

6. Europe
Europe is relatively small but had a huge impact on western civilization
Dense forests – food & wood
Mineral rich earth – food & gold
Seas – food & trade
Large rivers – food & transportation
Mountain – natural protection

8. Problems in the West
The postclassical West suffered from several key problems;
The political fragmentation of Italy
The Muslim conquest of Spain
Viking raids
A decline in intellectual life.

9. Political - Feudalism
It is an effective political organization, usually local and manorialistic which created an oppressive system of political and economic organization between landlords and peasants, many of whom were serfs.

10. Feudalism
The key military and political system in the Middle Ages was feudalism, a system in which greater lords provided protection and land or fief to lesser lords, called vassals; in turn owed their lords military service, some goods or payments and advice.
The introduction of feudal monarchy generally took time; through William the conqueror introduced feudal monarchy to England following his invasion of 1066.

12. Manorialism Manorialism represented the economic portion of feudalism
All aspects of life were centered on the lord’s manor including the village, church, farm land and mill.
It involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land.
Manorialism also encompassed the political relations between the Lord of the Manor and his peasants.
This allowed the Lord of the Manor governmental power which included the maintenance of a court.

13. The Lord of the Manor had the following rights
The right of common oven which required vassals to make use of the mill, the oven, of the lord.
The right of jurisdiction under manorialism gave judicial power to the lord of the manor. These provided revenue by the payment of fines
The right of disinheritance by which he could claim the goods of a person who died on their lands and had no direct heir.
They also had the right of claiming a tax when a fief or domain changed hands.

14. Clovis
He was the first king to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler.
He changing the form of leadership from royal chieftains to rule by a single king.
Also ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs
Clovis’s conversion to Christianity helped him govern the Franks.

15. Charlemagne
Charlemagne established a substantial empire in France and Germany around the year 800, but his empire did not survive his death as Europe split increasingly into regional monarchies.
Frankish kings could not protect people from the invading Vikings. The people turned to local lords for protection
Feudal warfare was common in Europe.
If a lord and his vassal performed their duties, there was peace and good government.

17. After Charlemagne there was Political fragmentation.
The kings had less power because countries were divided into areas controlled by feudal lords. - There were many barbaric tribes.
Why was Europe divided?
German political traditions differed - People were loyal to a tribe, not to a country.
German legal traditions differed - They had laws for individual tribes.
German cultural traditions - They had no written literature, and symbols were used for testaments.

18. Feudal lords cut into aristocratic power
In 1215 noblemen forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, and parliaments served as further checks on royal authority.
Western Europe’s expansionist impulse led to the conquest of Spain, the first European steps in the Americas, and ( spurred on by pope Urban II) the crusades.
Though the crusades ultimately ended in defeat, they opened Western Europe eyes to new possibilities, particularly for trade.
Several important reforms impacted the church, including those advocated by the Franciscans, the Order of Saint Clare, the pope Gregory VII.
The investiture controversy helped give the church power over monarchies.

19. The Church
The Christian church was the most organized institution in Western Europe.
It had a relatively clear hierarchy and established a chain of monasteries.
Knowledge survived only in monasteries, there were very few schools.
Many of the old arts and crafts were lost.
Monks (men) and Nuns (women) lived apart from the rest of the world in monasteries & convents or orders
Monks and nuns performed may roles in the middle ages.
They provided shelter, they taught others to read and write, prepared medicine, sewed clothes for others, and helped others in times of need. They spent most of their time praying and meditating.

20. Organization of the Church
Parishes
A group of Parishes lead by a Bishop
Local parish priests
Archbishop
Bishopric or
diocese
Church of Rome
Pope
Head of the church

22. -. Feudal lords cut into aristocratic power
- Feudal lords cut into aristocratic power. In 1215 noblemen forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, and parliaments served as further checks on royal authority.
- Western Europe’s expansionist impulse led to the conquest of Spain, the first European steps in the Americas, and 9 spurred on by pope Urban II) the crusades. Though the crusades ultimately ended in defeat, they opened Western Europe eyes to new possibilities, particularly for trade.
- Several important reforms impacted the church, including those advocated by the Franciscans, the Order of Saint Clare, the pope Gregory VII. The investiture controversy helped give the church power over monarchies.
- Several key creative characterized the High Middle Ages

23. The moldboard and three-field system gradually improved agriculture
Agricultural advances, population increases and growing towns helped breathe economic and cultural vitality into Europe after 900.