1. The Periodic Table
Organized Chaos

2. The Periodic Table Russian – youngest of 14 children
First “periodic table” published in 1869 by Dmitri Mendeleev
Arranged by atomic mass
Left many blanks which were filled in after his death in 1907

3. Periodic Table (1869)

4. Periodic Table
Mendeleev built on the work done by Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Priestly (discoverer of oxygen)

5. History of the Periodic Table

6. The Periodic Table

7. Periodic Table METALS “The Stairs” NON-METALS Smaller atoms
Larger atoms

8. Table Families UGLY METALS Noble gases Alkali metals Transition metals
Alkaline Earth metals
UGLY
Halogens

9. Don’t forget METALLOIDS!

10. The Noble Gases
Look at the rings of electrons in these elements. What do they have in common?

11. The Noble Gases They each have a full outer ring of electrons!
Stable – do not react under normal conditions
They have a full outer ring of electrons
Have an ionic charge of 0

12. The Halogens First 4 elements of Group 7A
Highly reactive non-metallic gases (F is most reactive element on the Periodic Table)
Form salts with metals (Halogen is Greek for “salt former”)
Have 7 outer (valence) electrons with room for 1 more (have an ionic charge of 1- )
Form compounds with themselves (diatomic)

13. The Halogens
Room for 1 more

14. The Oxygen group O and S are most common Have 6 valence electrons
Room for 2 more on last ring
Has an ionic charge of 2 -

15. The Nitrogen group N and P are most common Have 5 valence electrons
Room for 3 more on last ring
Has an ionic charge of 3 -

16. The Carbon group C and Si are most common
Have 4 valence electrons and room for 4 more
Q: Is it easier to lose 4 electrons or gain 4 electrons?
A: It depends on what carbon is mixing with
Has an ionic charge of 4 – or 4+

17. The Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2 elements
Called “Earths” because they remain solids when burned
Have 2 valence electrons
Want to lose 2 electrons (ionic charge is 2+)

18. The Alkali Metals Includes Hydrogen (not a metal)
Elements in group are similar
Each have 1 valence electron
Highly reactive in water
Combine with halogens to form ionic salts
Let’s take a closer look at Na (sodium)
Now let’s look at the rest…

19. The Alkali Metals
Brainiac “Alkali metals”

20. Activity
Do Puzzle from BLM 6.4-1