2. Reconnection of Loops and Open Field Lines

7. Wang, J. -M. ,, J. Lean, and N. R. Sheeley, Jr
Wang, J.-M.,, J. Lean, and N. R. Sheeley, Jr., The long-term variation of the Sun’s open magnetic flux, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, , 2000.

8. Heliospheric Current Sheet

9. Location of Current Sheet During Solar Cycle Sanderson et al. 2001.

11. Interchange Reconnection

12. Diffusion through Reconnection
Recently reconnected fieldline, in motion

13. Transport Equation Open magnetic flux, Bopen
(the number of open field lines per unit of surface area)
u is the convection velocity, e.g. due to differential rotation.

14. Diffusion Terms
Diffusion due to convective motions:
dh is the length of a lane; dt is the time for convection along dh.
Diffusion due to reconnection with loops:
is the mean squared loop length; t is the characteristic reconnection time; Bloop is the average magnetic field strength in loops.
Diffusion due to reconnection in the canopy: kcanopyBopen