1. THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES IN PRACTICE
Case study

2. THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES UNDER WFD
Formal definitions in the directive
art. 11: definition
annex VI: list of measures
Contents of the programme
requirement: take account of the results of analysis required under art.5 (characterisation, economic analysis) in order to achieve good status (art. 4)
at least basic measures: comply with all existing European and national legislation
supplementary measures when necessary: all other actions needed to achieve the goal (legislative, administrative, economic…)
Use of economic analyses to ensure that the programme combines the most cost-effective possible measures
2/10

3. FLOW CHART OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES
Characterisation of the district
Basic measures will suffice
Basic measures will not suffice
yes no
Is GES likely to be achieved in 2015?
Define supplementary measures
Assess their cost-effectiveness
yes
Choose the most cost-effective measures E
Choose the most cost-beneficial measures
Go for a derogation
Are the costs disproportionate? no
Choose the most cost-effective measures E
Combine all measures
Assess their impact E
Programme of measures
3/10
Basic measures
Supplementary measures E
Economic input

4. PROGRAMME OF MEASURES IN PRACTICE
Supplementary measures
RBD: phliuliv
Source: Ministry of the environment, Québec, Canada
4/10
Basic measures

5. BASIC MEASURES What possible measures to comply with these norms?
E.g. drinking water directive (98/83):
nitrates < 50mg/l; pesticides < 10µg/l
Measures required for the implementation of directives
What possible measures to comply with these norms?
Preventive Co-operative agreements with farmers: change in cultivation methods around abstraction points (grasslands, no chemicals, no manure spreading…)
vs.
compensation
Curative New treatment facilities: denitrification, filtration
5/10

6. SELECTION OF BASIC MEASURES: COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
Which measure could best achieve compliance with directive at the lowest cost?
Associated benefits of preventive measures may also be considered: improvement of raw water quality, potential better protection v. floods, farmers' awareness...
6/10

7. SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES
Measures required to fill the gap in water quality between the result of business-as-usual evolution and GES
E.g. given existing uses and their likely evolution, it is necessary to increase the water flow of a river (+50l/sec.) to reach GES
What possible measures for improving the water flow?
M1. Reduce water demand
A- Water Saving Programme (WSP) in the agriculture sector:
reduce the demand
implement more efficient technologies …
B- Water saving programme (WSP) in the urban sector
M2. Increase the efficiency of the water distribution networks
A- In urban areas
B- In rural areas
M3. Import water from another basin
7/10

8. SELECTION OF SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES: COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
Which measures could ensure the greatest increase in water flow at the lowest cost?
Goal: +50l/second to achieve GES
Source of the original table: "Scoping and testing key elements of the economic analysis for the WFD", Ministry of the Environment, Government of Navarra, Spain, 2002
Ranking may change depending on the indicator
choose it carefully
8/10

9. WHAT IF COSTS ARE JUDGED TO BE DISPROPORTIONATE?
Disproportion of costs opens the floor to derogation:
extended deadline if phased achievement of measures allows to reach GES under acceptable conditions (costs…)
less stringent objective if phased achievement doesn't suffice
Carry out a cost-benefit analysis and take account of:
social and environmental benefits
uncertainty of data (environmental costs…) and potential impact on global results
Adjust the programme of measures
9/10

10. ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES
What are socio-economic impacts?
 E.g. direct/indirect impacts of change in irrigation patterns
generates more added-value for farmers: increased crop yields and reduced water consumption
demand less manpower. What impact on employment?
What impact on water pricing?
 to be compared with ability to pay
are cost-effectiveness analyses still valid?
is it necessary to redefine some measures?
basic measure
supplement. measure
Combine the selected best measures to construct the programme of measures
Don't forget accompanying measures:
administrative, financial, technical...
10/10

11. GO FURTHER Basic measures in WFD
Comments of the suggested basic measures in the case study
Supplementary measures in WFD

12. BASIC MEASURES IN WFD ANNEX VI
Measures required under the following Directives:
(i) The Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC)
(ii) The Birds Directive (79/409/EEC)
(iii) The Drinking Water Directive (80/778/EEC) as amended by Directive (98/83/EC)
(iv) The Major Accidents (Seveso) Directive (96/82/EC)
(v) The Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC)
(vi) The Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC)
(vii) The Urban Waste-water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC)
(viii) The Plant Protection Products Directive (91/414/EEC)
(ix) The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC)
(x) The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)
(xi) The Integrated Pollution Prevention Control Directive (96/61/EC)

13. COMMENTS ON SUGGESTED BASIC MEASURES
Preventive measures
source of data: cooperative agreements in the German Bundesland Hesse
description: nitrates reduction in the soil of 20 to 60kg N/ha achieved through the agreement
cost of the measure may decrease over time as farmers progressively adopt more environment-friendly cultivation methods
agreements may also include non financial compensations. E.g. training for farmers on how to use fertilisers better. This will generate savings for drinking water suppliers and higher crop yields for farmers.
Curative measures
source of data: examples in Denmark and France
description: investment and operating costs of treatment facilities: 0,20 to 0,22€/m3 for denitrification (DK - F); 0,06€/m3 for pesticides (F)
as pressure on raw water keeps increasing, it may become unsuitable for the production of drinking water

14. SUPPLEMENTARY MEASURES IN WFD ANNEX VI
The following is a non-exclusive list of supplementary measures which Member States within each river basin district may choose to adopt as part of the programme of measures required under Article 11(4):
(i) legislative instruments
(ii) administrative instruments
(iii) economic or fiscal instruments
(iv) negotiated environmental agreements
(v) emission controls
(vi) codes of good practice
(vii) recreation and restoration of wetlands areas
(viii) abstraction controls
(ix) demand management measures, inter alia, promotion of adapted agricultural production such as low water requiring crops in areas affected by drought
(x) efficiency and reuse measures, inter alia, promotion of water-efficient technologies in industry and water-saving irrigation techniques
(xi) construction projects
(xii) desalination plants
(xiii) rehabilitation projects
(xiv) artificial recharge of aquifers
(xv) educational projects
(xvi) research, development and demonstration projects
(xvii) other relevant measures