1. Unit 4.1 Day 2

2. Opener
Talk to your table group, summarize the effects of cholera toxin on your body

3. Agenda Lecture: The Innate Immune Response
Review for Cell membrane assessment
Assessment is on Thursday
All work for this unit is due then

4. The Immune System Two types of immune response
Innate (all animals, plants)
Adaptive or acquired (only vertebrates)
Innate Response Components
Physical barriers
Cells
Complement system (humoral, or molecular)
Inflammation
Innate Response: immediate and non-specific

6. Self vs. Non-Self Key to innate immune response: Examples:
Different pathogen groups contain “molecular signatures”
Pathogens= bacteria, fungi and viruses
Signatures recognized by immune system cell protein receptors
Cell membrane receptors
Cytoplasmic receptors
Nuclear Receptors
Examples:
Double stranded RNA (viral)
Peptidoglycan (part of bacterial cell wall)

8. Barriers First line of defense: Physical: skin, exoskeleton, cuticle
Prevent entry of pathogen
Destroy it as it tries to enter
Physical: skin, exoskeleton, cuticle
Mechanical: coughing, sneezing, crying, peeing, mucus
Chemical: enzymes in tears, saliva and mucus secretions; breast milk; gastric acid in stomach
Biological: symbiotic “good” bacteria

9. Human Skin Bacteria

10. Cells Leukocytes: white blood cells
Phagocytes: “eat” invading pathogens
Macrophages (tissues)
Neutrophils (blood)
Dendritic cells (tissues in contact with outside environment)

11. Phagocytosis

12. Dendritic Cell Phagocytosis

13. Other key leukocytes and cell roles. . .
Natural Killer (NK) Cells attack body cells that have been compromised:
Tumor cells
Cells infected by viruses
Mast Cells: carry histamine and to trigger inflammation response
Other Key Roles:
Chemical signaling
Activating Adaptive Immune Response (dendritic cells and macrophages)

14. Complement System Number of small proteins circulating in blood
Initial binding of one or more complement proteins to pathogen initiates a “catalytic cascade”
Result: complement proteins converted into a number of “active” forms
What do they do?
Identify pathogens for phagocytosis (opsonization)
Recruit leukocytes to site of infection (inflammation)
Directly attack pathogen cell membrane (membrane attack complex)
Interactive (slide 9)

15. Inflammation

16. Repetition #1 Go back through your notes
Highlight each NEW WORD or PHRASE you need to know to understand the INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
You have 5 minutes

17. Kahoot. it