1. INTRO TO ELECTRONICS PART 1

2. Purpose Of Lesson Part 1 What is electricity and how does it work.
How do different elements act with electricity.

3. VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON
PERIODIC TABLE
PARTS OF ATOM: PROTON, NEUTRON, & ELECTRON
ELECTRON LEVELS
ELECTRON FLOW
CONDUCTOR
INSULATOR
SEMICONDUCTOR
SUPERCONDUCTOR

4. CONDUCTOR
ANY MATERIAL THAT CAN CONDUCT (CARRY) ELECTRONS (ELECTRICITY).
CAN YOU NAME SOME?

5. CONDUCTORS SILVER COPPER GOLD ALUMINUM IRON STEEL BRASS BRONZE MERCURY
GRAPHITE
DIRTY WATER
CONCRETE
ETC…

6. ELECTRONS
ELECTRONS
PROTON
NEUTRON

7. ELECTRONS FLOWING DOWN A CONDUCTOR
ANY MATERIAL THAT CAN CONDUCT (CARRY/PASS ELECTRONS.)

8. ELECTRONS LEVELS LEVELS 1ST = 2 2ND = 8 3RD = 18 4TH = 32 5TH = 50
MORE FULL = MORE STABLE = LESS CONDUCTIVE

9. ELECTRONS = PROTONS = NUMBER
TRADITIONAL VIEW

10. IN THE ROUND

11. ELEMENTS THAT CAN OR CAN’T CARRY ELECTRONS
The outer electron shell determines a lot about the atoms properties
Helium wants two electrons and has two, so it is very “happy” “inert” will not conduct.
Hydrogen, Lithium, & the Sodium are “not happy” they are very reactive and will conduct electricity.

12. Size Matters
The larger the atom, the farther away from the nucleus the outer electron shell, and therefor the more readily it will conduct.
Copper conducts well, and is used heavily in electronics and in the walls of homes
It corrodes!
Not, very cheap.
Silver conducts 10 times better.
But it also corrodes
It is not cheap at all $35 an ounce!
Used in electrical contacts, and some electronics

13. Size Matters
Aluminum is lighter metal used by the electric company for power lines.
It doesn’t conduct very well, so it heats up and gets hot!
So, not safe for use inside the walls of a home! Has been banded since 1970’s for use inside a structure.
1/3 the power made by the power plant is lost in transmission to your house!
It is much cheaper than copper.
It corrodes. However, the corrosion layer the oxide layer prevents further corrosion from occurring. It seals itself!

14. Size Matters
Mercury and Gold are heavy elements that conduct electricity very easily.
They are both used heavily in electronics.
Gold is 100 times as efficient as copper, and doesn’t corrode.
Mercury is a liquid, which can be useful. But, it is toxic!
Lead corrodes, it is toxic, but it is still used in electronics. Example: Lead acid batteries are under the hood of most cars.
Lead

15. ELECTRONS FLOWING DOWN A CONDUCTOR
OUTER ELECTRON CAN EASILY JUMP FROM ATOM TO ATOM
EASIER = BETTER CONDUCTOR
HARDER =
POOR
CONDUCTOR
(GOOD HEATING
ELEMENT!)

16. INSULATOR
ANY MATERIAL THAT STOPS THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS.

17. INSULATORS
SOME OF THESE MATERIALS
AIR
GLASS - FIBERGLASS
RUBBER
PLASTIC
CERAMIC - PORCELAIN
OIL - ASPHALT
NATURAL FIBERS – COTTON, PAPER, WOODS, & ETC.
EVEN ULTRA PURE WATER
ETC…
NOTE: There are types and conditions when basically all types of gasses, glass, rubber, plastics, ceramics, etc. can be made conductive!

18. SEMICONDUCTOR
We use semiconductors in the production of most electronic components. Most of the computer chips, memory, storage devices, sensors, and displays used in electronics are made with semiconductors.
Silicon is by far the most common. Germanium and carbon are also very prevalent materials in electronics.

19. SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON the most abundant element in the earth’s crust
It’s basically GLASS
It can either conduct or act as an insulator depending on how it is treated!

20. SUPERCONDUCTORS CONDUCT ELECTRONS WITHOUT LOSING ANY!!
NO HEAT GIVEN OFF!!!
ALL THAT WE HAVE ARE ONES THAT WORK WHILE VERY COLD!!!

21. SUPERCONDUCTORS
Scientist are looking for a room temperature superconductor for years now with no luck.
If they find one it will revolutionize the WORLD AS WE KNOW IT!!!!
Superconductors also exhibit almost magical properties!

22. WE HAVE DISCUSSED WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? ELECTRON FLOW CONDUCTOR
INSULATOR
SEMICONDUCTOR
SUPERCONDUCTOR

23. END OF PART 1