1. Our Friend, the Semicolon1

2. Our Friend, the Semicolon
Let’s begin with a simple sentence:
Grandma stays up too late. 2

3. Our Friend, the Semicolon
Now let’s expand on that a bit:
Grandma stays up too late. She’s afraid she’s going to miss something.
This is OK. Two independent ideas, separated by a period. 3

4. Our Friend, the Semicolon
What if we try to combine the two ideas?
Grandma stays up too late, she’s afraid she’s going to miss something.
Something’s wrong. We connected two independent clauses with only a comma. The dreaded COMMA SPLICE! 4

5. Our Friend, the Semicolon
We could insert a coordinating conjunction:
Grandma is afraid she’ll miss something, so she stays up too late.
This is better! Note the comma that accompanies the coordinating conjunction. 5

6. Our Friend, the Semicolon
We could also try subordinating one of these ideas:
Grandma stays up too late because she’s afraid she’s going to miss something.
Notice that the comma disappeared. One idea (the second one) now depends on the other; it has become a dependent clause. 6

7. Our Friend, the Semicolon
But let’s try something else.
ENTER THE SEMICOLON ! 7

8. Our Friend, the Semicolon
Let’s try using a semicolon in this sentence.
Grandma stays up too late; she’s afraid she’s going to miss something.
Notice there is no conjunction used with this semicolon – either subordinating or coordinating.
Just the semicolon, all by itself. 8

9. Our Friend, the Semicolon
Sometimes semicolons are accompanied by conjunctive adverbs – words such as however, moreover, therefore, nevertheless, consequently, as a result.
Grandma is afraid she’s going to miss something; as a result, she stays up too late. 9

10. Our Friend, the Semicolon
Notice the pattern:
; as a result,
semicolon + conjunctive adverb + comma
This is a typical construction with semicolons. 10

11. Our Friend, the Semicolon
There is one other use of the semicolon: to help us sort out monster lists, like this one:
The committee included Peter Wursthorn, Professor of
Mathematics, from Marlborough, Connecticut, Virginia
Villa, Professor of English, from Hartford, Connecticut, Paul
Creech, Director of Rad-Tech, from Essex, Connecticut, and
Joan Leach, Professor of Nursing, from Farmington, Connecticut. 11

12. Our Friend, the Semicolon
Be careful where you insert semicolons in this sentence.
The committee included Peter Wursthorn, Professor of
Mathematics, from Marlborough, Connecticut; Virginia
Villa, Professor of English, from Hartford, Connecticut ; Paul
Creech, Director of Rad-Tech, from Essex, Connecticut ; and
Joan Leach, Professor of Nursing, from Farmington, Connecticut. 12

13. Our Friend, the Semicolon
Now you know everything you’ll ever need to know about using semicolons!
CONGRATULATIONS 13

14. This PowerPoint presentation was created by
Charles Darling, PhD
Professor of English and Webmaster
Capital Community College
Hartford, Connecticut
copyright November 1999