1. Citations Citation of citation Use of et al Direct Quotes
(as cited in Arnold, 2005)
Use of et al
3 to 5 authors must cite all authors first time
6 authors
(Arnold et al., 2005)
Direct Quotes
(Arnold, 2005, p. 25)
If 40 or more words in quote, must be indented block without quotation marks
Omitting material from quotes
Use 3 ellipsis points … within a sentence
Use 4 ellipsis points …. Between sentences

2. Citations Article without author Article no date And Vs & Abbreviation
(“Navigating the Divide,” 2003).
Article no date
(Arnold, n.d.)
And Vs &
If using in-text (in actual sentence format) citation…use and, otherwise &
Abbreviation
First time: (United States Technology Commission [USTC], n.d.)
Second time: (USTC, n.d.)

3. Citations Personal Communication E-mail, interviews, discussions, etc.
Not included in References because they do not allow for recoverable data
Give the initials, surname, and exact date
Example:
According to Dr. S. Arnold technology can be successfully integrated into any discipline (personal communication, October 10, 2006). Or
Technology can be successfully integrated into any discipline (Dr. S. Arnold, personal communication, October 10, 2006).

4. References First & middle name not spelled out
Arnold, S. D. (2005).
No quotation marks or underlines
Alphabetical Order
Must have hanging indent.
Month not usually included with year.
Except magazine/newsletter/newspaper article
Reference without author
Title usually moves to take place
Navigating the divide. (2003). Arnold’s Online Journal. Retrieved November 1, 2005, from

5. References Cont. Government Stand alone document (not author/date)
United States Technology Commission. (n.d.). The online sourcebook of federal sentencing statistics. Retrieved November 1, 2005, from
Stand alone document (not author/date)
KSU’s 12th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved October 31, 2005 from