1. What is the main difference between a republic and an empire?

2. Cicero Famous Roman lawyer and orator
Praised the actions of Brutus and the other senators that killed Caesar
Cicero was a strong supporter of the republic

3. Civil War
The death of Caesar did not return the republic as Cicero and the senators thought it would
It caused people to riot
It caused civil war

4. Civil War War between Caesar’s killers and supporters
The supporters won
Rome was split up between Caesar’s 2nd in command Mark Antony (above) and Caesar’s 18 year old nephew Octavian (below)

5. Antony and Cleopatra Cleopatra was the Queen of Egypt
Used to date Caesar
Now that Caesar was dead, Antony fell in love and married her
One big problem: he was already married to Octavian’s sister

6. Octavian was not happy

7. Caesar Augustus
Octavian declared war; defeated Antony and Cleopatra armies
Egypt became part of Roman Empire
Declared himself 1st emperor of Rome
Took the name Caesar Augustus

8. Pax Romana Peace of Rome
200 year period; started with the rule of Caesar Augustus
Caesar became the title of all the following Roman emperors
Rome was officially an empire; one emperor ruled a vast territory of many different states and ethnicities.
Many achievements and increased trade

9. Roman Law Same laws for whole empire Judges weighed evidence
People were considered innocent until proven guilty
Courts enforced legal contracts
Roman law’s influence is evident in American and other western civilization’s law systems

10. Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian- Roman Emperor from 117 until 138
Built a wall to keep out invaders on the northern frontier of Roman Empire

11. Hadrian’s Wall

12. Theatres
Roman theatres put on musical productions and Greek style dramas, comedies, tragedies, and social/ political satires (sarcastic commentaries)

13. The Coliseum One of the most famous structures ever
Used to hold large public events like gladiator competitions

14. Arches
Added structural strength and beauty to architecture

15. Aqueducts
Brought water from far away sources into cities and towns

16. Aqueducts
Used gravity to move water

17. Complex Road Systems
Roads linked areas of the entire empire and made trade easier

18. Roads Constructed by skilled engineers to stay level and water free
These roads are still level today
Some are even still used in rural areas

19. Empire was Growing
Romans occupied other countries and made them part of their empire
They did this by having a superior military

20. Roman Columns Many different styles of column were used
Used in many different types of public buildings

21. Domes
Seen here in the Pantheon
Architectural masterpieces

22. Thermal Baths Were both public and private Heated from underneath
Romans also had heated floors in homes

23. Sculpture Great detail Sculpted physical ideals
Discus Thrower from Olympic Games
Romans adopted Greek games

24. Frescoes and Mosaics
Frescoes: wall paintings>>>>>>>>>
Mosaics: tile pictures
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>