1. Classification of Living Things
Why bother?

2. Purposes of Classification
1. To identify every organism, living and extinct
2. To give every organism a name that can be used world wide.
3. To place organisms in groups with similar features.
4. To show relationships between organisms.

3. Early Classification Systems
Aristotle
384 to 322 BCE
Two Kingdoms
Plant
Animal
Land, sea, air
PROBLEMS?

4. Carl Linnaeus Swedish Naturalist 1701 – 1778 1735 Publishes Systema
Naturae.

5. Linnaeus: A good beginning
Two Kingdoms – Plant and Animal
Set up 7 levels of classification based on similar physical structures
Each organism was given an official two part name (Genus and species)
Use of the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells.

6. In sixth grade you learned about three domains.

7. The Six Kingdoms
Unicellular- Yeast Only

8. Basis of Classification
1. Type of cell:
Prokaryotic (no nucleus) or Eukaryotic?
2. Number of cells:
Single or multicellular?
3. Food source:
Autotroph (photosynthesis)
or heterotroph (consumer)

9. Archaebacteria Discovered in 1983, Pacific Ocean, 3 billion years old
Found in extreme environments (geysers and thermal vents)
Live in no oxygen or highly acid environments.

10. Archaebacteria Characteristics: No nucleus (DNA ring) Single celled
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs

11. Streptococcus bacteria
Eubacteria
Found in soil, air, water, and inside living things
Some cause disease
Characteristics
Prokaryotic
Single celled
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Streptococcus bacteria

12. Protista Eukaryotic Most unicellular; some multicelled (seaweed)
Most heterotrophs;
some autotrophs
NOT in any other
Kingdom

13. FUNGI Eukaryotic Single or multicellular Absorb nutrients
from surroundings

14. Animal
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophs

15. Plant Kingdom
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotroph
photosynthetic

16. How does it work? Kingdoms are separated into All!
Phyla are separated into Lots
Classes are separated into Many
Orders are separated into Several
Families are separated into Some
Genus are separated into Few
species – One of a kind! One

17. Additional Criteria When determining Phylum, Class, Order ....
Additional features are used to separate organisms into related groups:
Anatomical similarities
Chemical processes
Embryological structures
Evolutionary pathway

18. How will you remember? K = King = P = Phillip = C = Came = O = Over =
F = For =
G = Good =
S = Snacks =

19. Binomial Nomenclature
TWO WORDS: Genus and species names are used as the scientific name of an organism.
Example: Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris
Dog = Canis familiaris
(Underline both; capitilize Genus,
but not species)