1. Bacteria: Kingdom Monera (bacteria)
All prokaryotic cells
Nucleiod (free-floating DNA)
Reproduce by binary fission
Do have sex pili
Cell walls are unique
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Autotrophic and Heterotrophic
3 shapes and 3 arrangements
Aerobic and Anaerobic

4. Name that bacteria!

6. Gram Positive and Gram Negative
Thick cell walls that hold stain (Crystal Violet)
Thin cell walls that don’t hold stain (Crystal Violet)

8. Importance to us:
They make us well (cleaners, digestion, keep bad guys in check).
They make us sick 
Decomposition (vacuums)
Nitrogen Fixation
Our atmosphere
Food production (yogurt, cheeses, sour dough)
Genetic engineering (plasmids)

9. Messy Mr. Fleming
Discovered penicillin after returning from vacation in 1928
First clinical trial were performed in by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain in Boston on burn patients (national headlines)

10. Antibiotics Manufactured the most during and after WWII
First resistance was seen in the 1950’s (60% of Staph. aureas was resistant)
Modes of action/destruction: cell wall synthesis, cell membrane function, protein synthesis, DNA and RNA inhibition, inhibit another metabolic practices

11. Some Antibiotics (G+ and G-)
Cell walls: Beta-lactam rings (penicillin, ampicillin, imipenem)
Glycopeptides: Vancomycin
Protein synthesis: tetracycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol
DNA/RNA: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin (floroquinolones), Flagyl

12. Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing and the “MIC test”

14. Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance
Intrinsic = natural mutations
Acquired = sharing plasmids-genetic transfer between resistant/nonresistant bacteria, mis- and over use of antibiotics (broad spectrum and human behavior), don’t use enough or you stop using it prematurely