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4. Procedural Extensions and Stored Procedures
SQL provides a module language
Permits definition of procedures in SQL, with if-then-else statements, for and while loops, etc.
Stored Procedures
Can store procedures in the database
then execute them using the call statement
permit external applications to operate on the database without knowing about internal details

5. Functions and Procedures
SQL:1999 supports functions and procedures
Functions/procedures can be written in SQL itself, or in an external programming language.
Functions are particularly useful with specialized data types such as images and geometric objects.
Example: functions to check if polygons overlap, or to compare images for similarity.
Some database systems support table-valued functions, which can return a relation as a result.
SQL:1999 also supports a rich set of imperative constructs, including
Loops, if-then-else, assignment
Many databases have proprietary procedural extensions to SQL that differ from SQL:1999.

6. © 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc.
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