1. The Cold War Begins
Std Analyze U.S. foreign policy since WWII
11.7.8Analyze the effects of massive aid given to W. Europe under the Marshall Plan to rebuild itself after the war and the importance of a rebuilt Europe to the U.S. economy.
EQ : How did US leaders respond to the threat of Soviet Expansion in Europe?

2. What is a “cold war”?
George Orwell the term in the essay “You and the Atomic Bomb” ,contemplating a world living in the shadow of the threat of nuclear war, warned of a “peace that is no peace”, which he called a permanent “cold war”.
Orwell directly referred to that war as the ideological confrontation between the Soviet Union and the Western powers.
What is a “cold war”?
Leave two-three lines in your notebook to add in the definition of Cold War after your group discussions.

3. Origins of the Cold War - Yalta Conference
Focus on post war issues
structure of the United Nations
Division of east and west for rebuilding after the war
Discussion Question: The US and Soviet Union were allies during World War II…how did they become opponents in a global struggle for power?

4. A Divided Continent

5. A Conflict of Systems Vs.
United States Economic system: (mostly) laissez-faire capitalism Political system: Democratic elections Social system: Religious, legal equality stressed
Soviet Union Economic system: Marxist socialist government order Political system: Controlled by communist party Social system: atheistic, economic equality stressed
Vs.
Why would people living in one of these nations distrust the other?

6. Growing Fear
Americans believed communism was expansionist and would not rest until the whole world was communist as well
Why did this prospect frighten Americans?
Is there a similar fear today?

7. The USSR and Eastern Europe
Satellite States
Soviet troops remained in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East to “help” restore government order
USSR wanted a buffer zone to protect itself from Western invaders
Stalin claimed they all wanted to be communist because communism is just so awesome

8. The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

9. The Ion Curtain
communication and travel between eastern and western Europe stopped
term coined by Winston Churchill
Berlin came to represent the division between East and West
Iron Curtain

10. Truman and Containment
Truman Doctrine, 1947
the US heard that communists might take over Greece and Turkey
$400 million given to aid Greece and Turkey economies
Truman promised financial or economic aid to any European nation threatened by communism
critics said it created a world in which all nations were forced into either a pro-American or pro-Soviet camp
Containment
George F. Kennan argued that we must stop the spread of communism by standing up to the USSR

11. The Marshall Plan, 1947 Containment Policy
the US sent $12.5 billion in aid to help western Europe rebuild
16 countries used it including Germany
like the Dawes Plan after WWI
Soviet countries refused any help, they had their own system called the Molotov Plan

12. The Berlin Airlift, 1948 Stalin closed Berlin to the West
by closing the borders he hoped to starve out western Berlin
Truman ordered supplies airlifted to West Berlin daily for 231 days until Stalin backed down
277,264 flights in 231 days
2,250,000 tons of goods including food and coal
300 tons per day

13. The Berlin Airlift

14. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949, NATO)
Created by US and western Allies in response to the threat of Communism
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain
Member Countries

15. Warsaw Pact (1955) Created in response to NATO
USSR dominated the Soviet satellites in East Europe
Member Countries
U. S. S. R.
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania

16. Warsaw Pact
NATO