1. Gas Exchange in Animals

2. Respiration All living things carry out respiration.

3. Respiration All living things carry out respiration. Respiration is the release of energy from food. Every cell in your body performs this complex cycle!!!

4. Respiration All living things carry out respiration. Respiration is the release of energy from food. This is the process of taking in OXYGEN

5. Respiration All living things carry out respiration. Respiration is the release of energy from food. This is the process of taking in OXYGEN and giving out CARBON DIOXIDE. (Opposite with plants…)

6. Respiration All living things carry out respiration. Respiration is the release of energy from food. This is the process of taking in OXYGEN and giving out CARBON DIOXIDE. (Opposite with plants…) Oxygen has to pass through a MEMBRANE (like very thin skin which acts as a barrier) and carried into the cells.

7. Crossing a Membrane

8. Respiration All living things carry out respiration. Respiration is the release of energy from food. This is the process of taking in OXYGEN and giving out CARBON DIOXIDE. (Opposite with plants…) Oxygen has to pass through a MEMBRANE (like very thin skin which acts as a barrier) and carried into the cells. In cells, mitochondria (part of the cell) take the oxygen and release energy. Carbon dioxide is given out after this.

9. Part of the cell where respiration occurs…

10. Crossing a membrane. For something to cross a membrane, it must go from HIGH concentration gradient to LOW concentration gradient. http://leavingbio.net/OSMOSIS%20AND%2 0DIFFUSION.htm http://leavingbio.net/OSMOSIS%20AND%2 0DIFFUSION.htm

11. Crossing a membrane. For something to cross a membrane, it must go from HIGH concentration gradient to LOW concentration gradient. EG: there is more oxygen in your lungs when you breathe in – this oxygen DIFFUSES across the membrane of your lung and into your blood stream to be transported around your body to the rest of your cells.

12. So…before we continue… Respiration

13. So…before we continue… Respiration is the release of energy from food. (Happens inside your cells!)

14. So…before we continue… Respiration is the release of energy from food. Gaseous exchange

15. So…before we continue… Respiration is the release of energy from food. Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. (Oxygen from inside lungs to blood stream!)

16. So…before we continue… Respiration is the release of energy from food. Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. Breathing

17. So…before we continue… Respiration is the release of energy from food. Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. Breathing is the PHYSICAL movement that helps the exchange of gases occur. (Getting oxygen into our lungs so it can diffuse into our blood)

18. So…before we continue… Respiration is the release of energy from food. Gaseous exchange is the movement of gases across a membrane. Breathing is the PHYSICAL movement that helps the exchange of gases occur. DONT CONFUSE RESPIRATION WITH BREATHING – IT IS NOT THE SAME THING!

19. Breathing... Refers to the use of muscles to move water or air (into lungs or through gills)

20. Breathing... Refers to the use of muscles to move water or air (into lungs or through gills). This helps respiration efficiency.

21. Breathing... Refers to the use of muscles to move water or air (into lungs or through gills). This helps respiration efficiency. Therefore metabolism can work faster and there can be a higher level of activity.

22. Respiratory systems must have… A moist surface gases have to dissolve in water to pass through a membrane.

23. Respiratory systems must have… A moist surface gases have to dissolve in water to pass through a membrane. Large surface area depending on the size of the animal. This leads to folding and branching of the surface.

24. Axolotl…

25. Respiratory systems must have… A moist surface gases have to dissolve in water to pass through a membrane. Large surface area depending on the size of the animal. This leads to folding and branching of the surface. Thin surface gases cant diffuse across thick membranes. These thin membranes must be protected; think lungs. They are internal.

26. Different gas exchange surfaces 1. Diffusion across a membrane: - Protozoa. Organisms so small that all parts of the cell are close to the water so simple diffusion across the cell membrane is enough.

27. Different gas exchange surfaces 1. Diffusion across a membrane: - Protozoa. Organisms so small that all parts of the cell are close to the water so simple diffusion across the cell membrane is enough. - Jellyfish. Have a central cavity filled with water and their bodies are only two cells thick (as above – simple diffusion is sufficient)

28. Different gas exchange surfaces 2. Skin breathers: - Earthworms. Use skin as respiratory surface. To keep it moist they secrete a mucus – if worms dry out, they suffocate.

29. Different gas exchange surfaces 2. Skin breathers: - Earthworms. Use skin as respiratory surface. To keep it moist they secrete a mucus – if worms dry out, they suffocate. Earthworms have a blood system with haemoglobin in a soluble form to carry the gas to the tissues.