1. Figure 1 The role of macrophages in RA
Figure 1 | The role of macrophages in RA. Macrophages produce cytokines, which in turn promote inflammation by recruitment of additional immune cells, T-cell polarization and fibroblast activation. Activated fibroblasts secrete receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF), inducing osteoclast differentiation, which is enhanced by macrophage-derived TNF and other cytokines. Immune complexes formed by autoantibodies and antigens activate macrophages. Additionally, macrophages are influenced by cell–cell contact or by cytokines produced by T-cells, fibroblasts and innate immune cells. CCL2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; TH1, type 1 T helper cells; TH17, type 17 T helper cells.
Udalova, I. A. et al. (2016) Macrophage heterogeneity in the context of rheumatoid arthritis
Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum