1. Identify and briefly explain three fundamental motives for European involvement in Africa.
Economic Motives:
Industrialized nations sought:
Raw materials
Natural resources
A cheap labor supply
New marketplaces for manufactured goods
Religious: to spread the benefits of Christianity and Western Culture
Political: competition fuel by Nationalism, Empire Building

2. Identify material improvements brought by European rule to Africa.
Transportation and communication
RR and Telegraphs
Hospitals
Sanitation and water systems
Formal education system (western)

3. Identify ways in which European rule disrupted traditional African culture
New political systems: direct and indirect rule
New Economic Pattern: money economy, cash crops, taxes, economic dependence, lack of diversity
migrant workers, chibaro = breakdown of Family
New attitude towards land: ownership
Racism
Christianity
Artificial boundaries
westernization
Generalization: change and breakdown of traditional values and organizations

4. maintain trade routes and benefit from diffusion
Closure: How did trade contribute to the rise of strong African Kingdoms?
Trade =
wealth =
strong armies =
expand empire =
maintain trade routes and
benefit from diffusion

5. Kingdoms and Trading States
Make sure you can match the Kingdoms and Trading States with its description (use chart)
Ghana
Mali
Songhai
East African City-States
Zimbabwe

6. Vocab lineage consensus subsistence farmer Polygamy age-grade
bride wealth
Animism
Triangle Trade
Middle Passage
abolition
African Diaspora
Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference
David Livingstone
King Leopold II
Cecil Rhodes
direct rule
indirect rule