1. Technologies for CCS on Natural Gas Power Systems Satish Reddy April 2104

2. Presentation Focus u This presentation focuses on: –Solvent based Carbon Capture from Natural Gas based power plants –Commercial and demonstration experience –Energy consumption minimization –Environmental impact 2

3. Introduction u There are several technologies available for solvent based Carbon Capture u To name a few: –Alstom –Aker Solutions –Cansolv –Fluor –MHI –Siemens u Few of these companies have demonstrated on natural gas power systems 3

4. Fluors Econamine FG+ SM Experience

5. CO 2 Capture Experience u Fluor has several decades of experience in CO 2 projects and facilities, including: –Capture Pre- and post-combustion including Fluor's Econamine FG+ technology Gas processing: Removal of CO 2 from synthesis gas & natural gas; over 400 units –Transport Pipelines, piping systems, compression and pumping Drying 5

6. Fluors Econamine FG+ SM Experience u One of the most proven post-combustion CO 2 capture process available: –Vast body of commercial experience –28 plants to date –Fluor has been active in post-combustion capture since the late 1980s u Suitable for a range of O 2 and CO 2 containing gas streams –CO 2 : 3% to 20% by volume –O 2 : 1 to 15% by volume 6

7. Fluors Econamine FG+ SM Experience u Commercially proven on gas –Bellingham NGCC Power Plant –Several Gas Engines in Power Generation u Demonstrated on coal –Wilhelmshaven Econamine FG+ Demonstration Plant u Commercially proven on low-grade fuel oil 7

8. Commercial Experience on Gas Turbine Exhaust

9. Project Profile: Bellingham, MA u Capacity 360 tons/d u 40 MW flue gas flow from NGCC power plant u CO 2 Concentration: 3.5% v/v u O 2 Concentration: 13 to 14% v/v u 100% air cooled u Product Usage: Food-grade CO 2 u Continuous commercial operation from 1991 to 2005 (14 years) u 98.5% on-stream factor in 2004 u Shutdown due to high natural gas price 9

10. History of EFG+ - Bellingham Plant 10 Aerial ViewGround View

11. Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

12. Column Scale-up u Columns of 20 m or 60 ft are not common u Proper gas and liquid distribution u At the same time, pressure drop needs to minimized 12

13. Large Column Example 13 u Fluors DGA Plant in Ulthamaniyah, Saudi Arabia Absorber with large diameter

14. Large Column Example 14 u Large diameter vacuum column being delivered to a Fluor in the USA.

15. Column Scale-up 15

16. Column Scale-up u Mitigation Strategies –Build absorption system in multiple trains: Downside is higher CAPEX –Conduct CFD analysis and use proven scale-up measures –Learn from other applications where large columns have been deployed 16

17. Energy Consumption u Typical electric load for a NGCC capture unit: –Capture 35% –Compression 65% u Compression is a mature technology. –Efficiency is very high: Approximately 85% to 88% –Not much room for improvement u Room for improvement in capture energy consumption –Steam demand is between 2.6 to 2.8 GJ/t –Many claims of lower steam demand have not been substantiated 17

18. Emissions u Typical emissions include the following species: –Ammonia –VOCs –Solvent vapor u With some processes: nitrosamines u Measurement techniques including online analyses have considerably improved 18

19. Summary u It is time for large scale natural gas based demo plants to be built in the US u Useful demonstration scale is 200 to 250 MW u Proven solvents should be considered instead of chasing the rainbow u There is much more to building a robust and energy efficient plant that just pure chemistry u Systematic quantification of environmental performance is required. 19

20. Questions 20