1. HYDROSPHERE 1 - Biosphere 2 - Hydrosphere 3 - Distribution
4 - Salt & fresh water
5 - Drinkable water

2. biosphere
The Hydrosphere’s relationship to the Biosphere pertains to all aspects of water (ice, salt water, fresh water, water vapour)
The hydrosphere consists of all water bodies that cover the surface of the Earth.
Ex . The oceans, rivers, streams , lakes , etc.

3. hydrosphere The hydrosphere covers about 75% of the land surface.
Water is essential to life:
without water, there would
be no life

4. distribution

5. distribution Liquid water on Earth is either FRESH or SALT
OCEANS & SEAS SALTS 97.2%
GLACIERS 2.15%
SUBTERRANIUM 0.63%
RIVERS, LAKES, & AVAILABLE WATER 0.02%

6. Salt & fresh water SALT WATER 97.2% The water of the seas
and oceans is salty
because of the large
amount of mineral salts
that are dissolved in water.
These minerals come
from rocks

7. Salt & fresh water
Every time it rains, a certain amount of minerals that form rocks are dissolved.
These minerals are then flowed into the oceans, where they accumulate.
The amount of salts dissolved in the oceans varies by region of the world.

8. Salt & fresh water WATER FORMATION WHERE IT IS FOUND
PERCENTAGE OF SALT
DEAD SEA
MIDDLE EAST
27%
GREAT SALT LAKE
USA (UTAH)
5 – 27%
RED SEA
AFRICA / ASIA
4.1%
ARABIAN SEA
PAKISTAN / INDIA
3.7%
ATLANTIC OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
3.2%
BALTIC SEA
NORTH EUROPE
< 1%

9. Salt & fresh water CHLORINE 55% SODIUM 30.6% SULPHER 7.7%
MAGNESIUM 3.7%
CALCIUM 1.2%
POTASSIUM 1.1%
OTHERS 0.7%
SALTS 3.5%

10. Salt & fresh water FRESH WATER 2.8% Some organisms can not
survive in salt water
because they are not
able to absorb the large
amount of minerals it
contains.
These organisms
(including humans) need
freshwater to survive.

11. Salt & fresh water
Freshwater covers only 3% of the surface of the Earth.
Furthermore, most of this water is frozen.
Glaciers contain ¾ of the world's fresh water.
Glacier - Snow buildup transformed into ice that slowly descends into a valley

12. Salt & fresh water
Living beings who can not live in salt water have access to less than 1% of water on the planet.
And this water becomes increasingly polluted !

13. Salt & fresh water Fresh water is a natural
resource that is distributed
very unevenly in the world.
In some places, it is
abundant (and
sometimes wasted) and
in other places, it is absent.

14. Salt & fresh water
This table shows four countries with alone almost half of the fresh water on the planet.
It is hard enough to provide enough fresh water to every human, but humans need water that is not only sweet but also safe
COUNTRY
PERCENTAGE OF WORLD’S FRESH WATER SUPPLY
BRAZIL
18%
CANADA 9%
CHINA
USA 8%
EVERY OTHER COUNTRY
56%

15. Drinkable water The quality of the fresh water is important:
If people drink polluted
water, they can contract
serious diseases.
In some countries, water
is so polluted that one can
not even use it to wash.

16. Drinkable water Drinking water: Clean water for
consumption (it is safe to drink).
Drinking water is a mixture
of water molecules and some
dissolved substances.
The main dissolved
minerals in drinking water:
calcium, magnesium and sodium.

17. Drinkable water

18. Drinkable water Safe drinking water:
Must be completely transparent (clear).
Must not contain suspended solids.
Must not have taste or unpleasant smell.
Should contain a small amount of dissolved mineral salts.
Must contain dissolved oxygen.
Must not contain any microorganisms.
Tap water must meet all the criteria mentioned.
This is why chlorine is added to water to kill bacteria.
It also has some fluorine to reduce the risk of dental cavities.