1. Benchmark #1 Review Questions

2. People, Terms, Places, or Ideas
Monarchy – rule by King or Queen; rule by royalty Democracy – rule by many; government by the people Oligarchy – rule of the few; small group of people control govt. Anarchy – absence of government; state of disorder Divine Right of Rule – king gets authority from God; to oppose the king is to oppose God

3. Judeo-Christian – two religions; know the similarities and differences
Adam Smith & Wealth of Nations – free market based on competition is best
John Locke – natural rights
Declaration of Independence – issued by the colonists; wanted independence from King/Great Britain
Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen – influenced by the Declaration of Independence; equality of man; rights and laws

4. Tennis Court Oath – organized by French citizens of the 3rd estate and National Convention; agreed to come up with a Constitution
Maximilien Robespierre – revolutionary during the Reign of Terror

5. 1. What are the 12 Tables?
1st code of laws; created in Rome; influenced later laws established ideas of equality – no citizen better than another

6. 2. What are the 10 Commandments?
Originated from Jews/Christians from Judeo-Christian religious traditions; both 12 tables and 10 commandments basis for foundation of modern laws

7. 3. What contributions did Rome make to modern law making bodies
Idea of the republic, senate, assemblies

8. Plato in this Republic writing
4. Which philosopher talked about the idea that philosophers would make better kings?
Plato in this Republic writing

9. Early written laws, senate, republic
5. What democratic ideas did Ancient Rome contribute to modern society?
Early written laws, senate, republic

10. 6. Which reformer said that any Christian could read the Bible and understand God’s message?
Martin Luther

11. 7. How did Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment thinkers?
Natural laws influence human society and thought

12. Religion – conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants
8. What were the contributing factors of conflict that influenced the English Civil War?
Religion – conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants
Parliament and Monarchy – breakdown between these two groups

13. 9. What made the Glorious Revolution glorious?
Introduces the idea that kings aren’t supreme power; king must bow to representative body

14. Both revolutions favored representative government
10. How were the American Revolution and the French Revolution similar?
Both revolutions favored representative government

15. 11. What was the French Revolution
11. What was the French Revolution? What factors contributed to the revolution?
3rd estate wanting better representation; equal taxation for rich and poor; Enlightenment, debt, poor leadership of monarchy

16. Declaration of Independence
12. Which document influenced the writing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
Declaration of Independence

17. 13. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte
13. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? What positive advancements did he make to France?
Military genius who would help France make many advancements – church reform, taxation reform, public schools

18. 14. What was the Continental System?
Blockade of England/Great Britain – was unsuccessful caused other nations to suffer, those nations were allies or dependent states of France.

19. 15. Why was Napoleon unsuccessful in his invasion of Russia?
Scorched earth policy – Russia led French troops into Russia; they had no food/supplies, French had to retreat

20. Used to kill quickly and humanely
16. What did the guillotine come to symbolize during the French Revolution?
Used to kill quickly and humanely
Equality – killed everyone the same way – rich or poor

21. 17. Who was Robespierre? Which group of revolutionaries did he lead?
Revolutionary leader was a member of the National Convention, leader of the Committee of Public Safety

22. 18. What was the Social Contract?
Between people and their government. Government provides protection to the people, in turn people provide their support to the government

23. 19. Why were William and Mary successful as monarchs in England?
Because they were willing to listen to the people/parliament and adopt the English Bill of Rights; not a traditional monarchy

24. 20. Who was Voltaire? Explain his ideas of Enlightenment.
Enlightenment thinker. Believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion