1. Electronic Voting Machine

2. Contents of Presentation
1. Introduction
2. Block diagram
3. Explanation of Block diagram
4. Circuit diagram
5. PCB Layout
6. Software Flowchart
7. Component List
8. Application

3. 1. Introduction
Project Aim: To provide alternative solution for old ballet paper voting method.
Electronic voting machine will save considerable printing stationery and transport of large volumes of electoral material.
EVM is easy to transport, store, and maintain. It completely rules out the chance of invalid votes.
It is easy and accurate counting without any mischief at the counting centre. It is also eco friendly.
Two modes of project: “Voting mode” and “Counting mode”

4. Block Diagram

5. Block diagram Description
1) Keypad: Keypad is basically a keypad having 8 keys. Thus it has one key specified for one candidate. This block is used in both voting and counting mode, in voting mode key of respective candidate is pressed, the corresponding signal is sensed by micro controller. In counting mode this keypad is used to check the votes of respective candidate. The key given for candidate is pressed and micro controller senses the corresponding signal.
EEPROM AT24C16: EEPROM stands for electrically erasable programmable read only memory. It is a secondary storage device that once written (programmed) can hold data even when the power is removed. The EEPROM is a class of read only memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. We have stored Votes in EEPROM

6. 6) Liquid Crystal Display :-
It consists of Liquid Crystal display (LCD).The display is a 16 by 2 alphanumeric display. It is an Alphanumeric Display. Used for displaying various messages. We have used 16 x 2 Alphanumeric Display.

7. 5) MICRO-CONTROLLER (89s51):-
It is the major part and heart of system. It controls all the inputs & the controlling action to be taken at the output. Microcontroller used here is the AT89S51. Micro controller senses the signal given from switches and decides the mode of operation.
In voting mode it increments the data for corresponding key which represents respective candidate. As well as it sends signal to display block to indicate one key is pressed. In counting mode micro controllers fetches data from memory location and send it to display devices.

8. Power Supply Module
Power supply gives +5v supply to the circuit. It consists of four stages namely transformer, rectifier, filter, and regulator.

9. Transformer: Step-down transformer takes 230v AC input & gives 15v at output secondary
Bridge rectifier: It consists of four diodes & rectifies this 15v AC, which converts the AC wave into fully rectified wave.
Filter capacitor: It converts the fully rectified wave into the DC wave with some ripple.
Voltage Regulator: It is the last stage. It removes the entire ripple and gives pure DC. The LED is connected to indicate that power supply is ON.

10. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

11. PCB LAYOUT

12. PCB making procedure
FABRICATION: Circuit is designed and layout is done on the copper clad side. Spaces are provided for holes to insert the respective components.
ETCHING: Copper clad PCB is etched with ferrous chloride solution. Copper remains if varnish coating is there. Then it is washed with water & Oxalic Acid.
DRILLING: PCB Holes are drilled with tiny drill bits. The drilling is performed by automated drilling machines.
Plating and Coating: PCBs are plated with Solder, Tin, or Gold over Nickel as a resist for etching away copper.

13. Softwares used in our Project
EAGLE Software: It is used for PCB design, it includes Schematic Capture, Board Layout and Autorouter.
EAGLE has following 2 sections:
1) Schematic capture: For designing circuit diagrams. Parts can be placed on many sheets and connected together through ports.
2) PCB layout: It allows auto-routing to automatically connect traces based on the connections defined in the schematic.
KEIL software: It used for Microcontroller Programming Software. It has compiler designed specifically for the microcontroller. It converts a High Level Language source code (written in assembly language or C language) into its object code. Then a linker is used to create an absolute object module suitable for your circuit.

14. Microcontroller Programmer
It transfers hex programs to Microcontroller. It has in-circuit serial programmer & small PCB. You can connect it to microcontroller and program it. Programmer software shows progress status bar.

15. Testing and Trouble shooting
Problem crop up:
1) EEPROM memory was giving incorrect results & errors
How problems are rectified:
1) We have replaced the EEPROM memory IC.
Testing procedure: Verified design is correct & prototype is built to design drawing. This is done by writing several small programs, basic program & building on the demonstrated success of each.

16. Component List AT89s51 7805 24C16 MAX232 TRANSFORMER CAPACITOR
DIODES(1N4007)
RESISTORS
Keys
LCD Display
CRYSTAL
LED
POT
LCD CONNECTOR
IC SOCKETS
CONNECTORS
Buzzer

17. Applications Could be used for voting purpose at any required place.
Fast track voting which could be used in small scale elections, like resident welfare association, “panchayat” level election and other society level elections. 
It could also be used to conduct opinion polls during annual share holders meeting. 
It could also be used to conduct general assembly elections where number of candidates are less than or equal to eight in the current situation.

18. ADVANTAGES It is protected by Password It is economical
Less manpower required
Time conscious, as less time required for voting & counting
Avoids invalid voting
Saves transportation cost due to its compact size
Convenient on the part of voter

19. Conclusion
With the knowledge of new techniques in ‘Electronics’ we are able to make our life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in “Electronic Voting Machine”
We feel that our project serves something good to this world and we like to present it before this prosperous world.

20. Thank you