1. COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
V SURESH
Dept. Of Computer Science
K.B.N Degree College
Vijayawada
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2. Course Objectives
This course will introduce students to the fundamental concepts underlying modern computer organization and architecture.
Main objective of the course is to familiarize
Students about hardware design including logic design, basic structure and behavior of the various functional modules of the computer and how they interact to provide the processing needs of the user

3. Course Outcomes Understand how computers represent and manipulate data
Understand computer arithmetic and convert
between different number system
Use Boolean algebra as related to designing computer logic, through simple Combinational and sequential logic circuits

4. What is computer architecture?
Computer architecture is concerned with the
Structure and behavior of the various functional modules of the computer and how they interact to provide the processing needs of the user.
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Introduce each of the major topics.
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5. What is computer organization?
Computer organization is concerned with the
Way the hardware components are connected together to form a computer System
Give a brief overview of the presentation. Describe the major focus of the presentation and why it is important.
Introduce each of the major topics.
To provide a road map for the audience, you can repeat this Overview slide throughout the presentation, highlighting the particular topic you will discuss next.

6. What is computer design?
Computer design is concerned with the development of the hardware for the computer taking into consideration a given set of specifications

7. Contents : Data representation Logic gates Boolean algebra
Map simplification
Flip flops
Combinational Circuits
Digital components
Memory organization

8. Data representation:
Data and instructions cannot be entered and processed directly into computers using human language. Any type of data be it numbers, letters, special symbols, sound or pictures must first be converted into machine-readable form i.e. binary form. Due to this reason, it is important to understand how a computer together with its peripheral devices handles data in its electronic circuits, on magnetic media and in optical devices.

9. Data representation in digital circuits
Electronic components, such as microprocessor, are made up of millions of electronic circuits. The availability of high voltage(on) in these circuits is interpreted as ‘1’ while a low voltage (off) is interpreted as ‘0’.This concept can be compared to switching on and off an electric circuit. When the switch is closed the high voltage in the circuit causes the bulb to light (‘1’ state).on the other hand when the switch is open, the bulb goes off (‘0’ state). This forms a basis for describing data representation in digital computers using the binary number system.

10. Logic gates
Binary logic deals with binary variables and with operations that assume a logical meaning
The manipulation of binary information is done by logic circuits called gates
AND,OR,INVERT,BUFFER,NAND,NOR
Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR

11. Boolean algebra:
Boolean algebra is an algebra that deals with binary variables and logic operations.
The variables are designated by letters such as A, B, x and y.
A Boolean function can be expressed algebraically with binary variables, the logic operation operations symbols, parentheses, and equal sign.

12. Map simplification:
The map method provides a simple, straightforward procedure for simplifying Boolean expressions.
This method may be regarded as a pictorial arrangement of the truth table which allows an easy interpretation for choosing the minimum number of terms needed to express the function algebraically.

13. Flip flops:
A flip flop is a binary cell capable of storing one bit of information
It has two outputs, one for the normal value
And one for the complement value of the bit stored in it.
SR FLIP FLOP, D FLIP FLOP, JK FLIP FLOP, T FLIP FLOP,

14. Combinational Circuits:
A combinational circuit is a connected arrangement of logic gates with a set of inputs and out puts.
A combinational circuit can be described by a truth table showing the binary relationship between the n input variables and the m output variables.
HALF ADDER, FULL ADDER

15. Digital components:
Digital circuits are constructed with integrated circuits.
An integrated circuit is small silicon semiconductor crystal, called a chip, containing the electronic components for the digital gates.
Decoders, Encoders, multiplexers

16. Memory organization:
Memory unit is an essential component in any digital computer since it is needed for storing programs and data.
A very small computer with a limited application may be able to fulfill its intended task without the need of additional storage capacity.
MAIN MEMORY, AUXILIARY MEMORY, CACHE MEMORY,

17. Computer System architecture
third edition
M.MORRIS MANO
THANK YOU