1. Scope and Approach Date of Publication Viewpoint Bias
Evaluating Sources
Scope and Approach
Date of Publication
Viewpoint
Bias

2. Scope and Approach Do Not Depend on Title Alone
Book: Check table of contents and index. How many pages devoted to your subject?
Article: Read abstract and/or opening paragraphs.
Author: Is there biographical information? Does it provide author’s basic approach to the subject?

3. Scope and Approach Consider These Questions:
Does the source provide a general or specialized view?
Is the source long enough to provide adequate detail?
Is the author an expert on the topic?
Is the information substantiated elsewhere?

4. Date of Publication
Older Sources: Establish principles, theories, and data
Become familiar with authoritative works
Web Sources: Check how often it is updated

5. Viewpoint Sources should represent multiple viewpoints on the subject
Arguments: Determine what positions have been staked out.
Define the issue more carefully
Anticipate opposing arguments

6. Bias Most writing is not neutral or objective
Must consider how the viewpoints are reflected in the writing and arguments

7. Bias To Determine General Point of View:
Title: Watch for loaded words
Author: Title or Affiliation, Sponsors
Presentation or Argument:
Is the evidence from authoritative sources?
Does the author refute opposing arguments?

8. Additional Questions for Evaluating Websites:
What is the domain? (.gov / .edu)
Who is sponsoring the site?
Is there clear contact information?
Is there a clear differentiation between content and advertisements?
Does the site contain links to credible sites?
How often is the site updated?

9. Source Analysis Descriptive and Critical
Describe the contents of the source
Address whether or not it is a credible source
Explain how it is relevant to your research