1. The Civil War
Chapter 8

2. North and South
By 1858, many American’s saw the nation as divided into two parts the North and the South
Rapid changes in technology, territory, economy, and population amplified their differences

3. Transportation
By 1860, the U.S. had 31,000 miles of rail and 3,700 miles of canals
But, most was in the North
Northern farmers had adopted inventions such as the steel plow and horse drawn reaper
Produce more food with less labor
It could be transported cheaply to cities
Result: People could live far from food sources

5. North 1860: Population was 19 million
26% of people lived in big cities
New York, Boston, Philadelphia
Industrial revolution meant big factories producing lot of goods
North produced 75% of the nations wealth
81% of factories were in the North
Small farms

6. Resources

7. South 1860: population was 12 million 10% of people lived in cities
4 million were slaves
10% of people lived in cities
Few factories
Agricultural economy
Three main crops: tobacco, sugar, and cotton

8. Cotton was King The invention of the cotton gin made cotton profitable
It was difficult to make a profit from cotton because cotton seeds were removed by hand
It took a person a whole day to clean one pound of cotton

9. Slavery
A big difference between the North and the South was slavery, which existed in the South
Start at 3 minutes

10. Slavery North South Saw slavery as unprofitable Morally wrong
Slavery was abolished in the North in 1804
Did not want slavery to spread to the West
Slavery was seen as cheap labor
Slaves were needed to pick cotton
Did want slavery to spread
Did not think slavery was bad
Read about Eliza Winston, page 152

11. Dred Scott Read Dred and Harriet Scott page 149
The Northern states were angered by the Dred Scott decision

12. Representation
With little industrialization in the South, its white population remained steady
Industrialization caused the North’s white population to expand
1860: North had 147 votes in the U.S. House of Representatives; the South had only 90
In the Senate, each state has
equal representation, so the
issue of extending slavery into
new states dominated politics

13. Slavery
Slavery flourished in the South due to the long growing season and labor intensive crops
Abolitionists were people who worked to end slavery
Wanted blacks to be citizens
Some people were neutral
Most Minnesotan’s opposed
slavery

14. Missouri Compromise
As the United States expanded the question of whether new territories would enter the Union as slave states or free states had to be addressed
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 provided for the joint admission of slave states simultaneously with free states

15. New Territory
After the Mexican-American war the U.S. acquired much more territory
New solution was the Compromise of 1850
California would be free
Utah and New Mexico would be slave states

16. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854: Kansas-Nebraska Act
Two new territories north of the Missouri Compromise
Allowed the people to determine if they would be a free or slave territories
Repealed the Missouri Compromise
Many violent encounters as people flocked to the area to try to sway the vote
What was “popular sovereignty?”
What was “Bleeding Kansas?”

17. Abraham Lincoln
Frustrated by their inability to end slavery the Whig Party created the new Republican Party
Northern
Antislavery
Abraham Lincoln was the
first Republican president

18. Lincoln’s Election Only white men could vote
Lincoln’s election convinced southerners that their way of life was coming to an end – slavery
Southern states responded by seceding, leaving the Union
Formed the Confederate States of America
1861: the country is at war

19. Minnesota 1st state to contribute soldiers to the war
1,009 soldiers from St. Anthony, St. Paul, and nearby towns
Trained at Fort Snelling
Known as the First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
Read Charley Goddard Goes to War
Page

20. Civil War Overview North South
industrial, financial, and population advantages
Unfamiliar territory
Offensive position
Long supply and communication lines to maintain
Defensive position
Familiar territory
Better generals and military leadership
Needed resources to win
Failed to enlist foreign aid

21. Emancipation Proclamation
Freed the slaves
Shifted the major aim of the war from restoring the Union to ending slavery
April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse Virginia

22. End of the War
More than 600,000 soldiers and countless civilians had lost their lives
Many parts of the South were in ruins
Minnesota’s economy had flourished
Families were broken
Bodies were
crippled

23. Reconstruction Amendments
Thirteenth Amendment abolishes slavery in 1865
Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments granted citizenship and civil rights to all African Americans and gave black men the right to vote
Missionary Ridge: Investigation 8
Page 162