1. Elements of Design “The Tools”

2. Elements of Design
Elements are the building blocks or “Tools” of design.
Color: Most exciting element of design
Shape: Overall outline of a garment, it is the form or silhouette.
Line: Distinct, elongated mark as if drawn by a pencil or pen.
Texture: The surface quality of goods.

3. Color Wheel There are 12 hues in the spectrum of color.
They are divided into three categories

4. Primary Colors Red, Yellow, and Blue
These colors cannot be created by mixing any other colors together

5. Secondary Colors Green, violet, and orange
Made by combining 2 of the Primary colors together

6. Tertiary or Intermediate Colors
Yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet, red-orange, yellow-orange.
Made by combining a primary and a secondary hue.
Named by the Primary color first.

7. Monochromatic Color Scheme
Based on one color from the color wheel.
Uses light, medium and dark values
Uses neutral colors to balance color distribution

8. Complementary Color Scheme
Two colors that are exactly opposite on the color wheel – can be lightened, darkened, brightened or dulled.

9. Complementary

10. Triad Color Scheme
Three colors that are equidistant on the color wheel – such as red, yellow and blue.

11. Triad

13. Analogous Color Scheme
Three to six colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel.

15. Split Complementary Color Scheme
Consists of a base hue and the two colors that are on either side of its direct complement – such as green, red-violet and red orange.

16. Neutral Color Scheme White, off-white, gray, black and off-black.
Browns and beiges are also considered neutrals, even they are actually neutralized color tones.
Does not use colors from color wheel

17. Color Forecasting Color Association of the United States
Color Marketing Group
International Colour Authority
Pantone

18. Shape/Silhouette Form of a garment Outline seen from a distance
Reveal or hide body contour
Try to flatter good features and hide less attractive features

19. Silhouette Wide shapes make you look bigger
Trim, compact silhouettes make you look smaller
Straight, tubular shapes make you look taller
Form fitting clothes should only be worn by figures that are near-perfect

24. Line Direction, width, length Eyes follow lines
Lines suggest movement, leading eyes up, down, side-to-side
Outline outer and inner spaces of garments

25. Structural – lines required to maintain the structure of the garment; for example, seams
Decorative – lines created by the designer for decoration; for example, a printed-on design

28. Straight Lines Message Illusion Strong, Formal, Masculine, Severe
Emphasizes body lines and angles

29. Straight Lines Placements
Closures, Necklines, Collars, Lapels, Seam lines, Darts, Tucks, Pleats, Stripes

31. Curved Lines Rounded, circular Less formal Gentle, soft, youthful
Circles are closed lines and stop the eye entirely

32. Curved Lines Message Illusion Romantic, Casual, Feminine, Graceful
Emphasizes rounded curves, counters straight lines

34. Jagged Lines Jagged: change direction abruptly
Create a jumpy, confused feeling
Use sparingly, they are very noticeable

35. LINE DIRECTION: Vertical
Feeling of dignity and strength
Leads eye up and down, makes wearer look taller and thinner

36. Vertical lines Message Formal, stiff, business-like, Illusion
Emphasizes height, slimming

38. LINE DIRECTION: Diagonal
Degree of slant determines the visual effect
Draws attention to where they are used

39. Diagonal Lines Message Active, dramatic, in motion, Illusion
Counters vertical and horizontal lines

41. Dress Lines

42. LINE DIRECTION: Horizontal
Leads eye across the body, makes wearer seem shorter and wider
Use where you want to look wider

43. Horizontal Lines Message Restful, calm, relaxed Illusion
Shortness, counters vertical lines

45. Texture Surface quality of garments (how it looks and feels)
Bulky fabrics
Add visual size (make you look bigger)
Can disguise a flaw
Can overpower a small person

47. Texture
Shiny textures
make you look bigger, as they reflect light

48. Texture Dull Textures make you look smaller, as they absorb light
Smooth, flat textures make you look smaller