1. Dr. Rohan Bennett, Dr. Jason Sargent, and Dr. Mark Pickering
Innovations in Land Data Governance Unstructured Data, NoSQL, Blockchain, and Big Data Analytics Unpacked
Dr. Rohan Bennett, Dr. Jason Sargent, and Dr. Mark Pickering
World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty
Washington D.C., United States
March

2. Background and Motivation
The nexus of land, data, and governance is clear
In the midst of a so-called data revolution
Different generations of LIS are being disrupted
But, what is actually meant by that? …extent, scale?

3. Approach and Methods Research Synthesis Analytical Framework
Meunier (2016) and Applegate (2005)
Data Inputs
108 published works, 26 other sources, + key informants

4. Distributed SQL Data Warehouse
Database
(DDBMS)
Time
Distributed Ledgers
Hadoop
NoSQL
Distributed SQL Data Warehouse
NewSQL
SQL
Analytical
Transactional
2000s
Centralised
Database
(RDBMS)
Transactional (+ Analytical)
1970s
Scale of DB Infrastructure
Relational
Non-Relational
Other…
Centralized Management Systems
Decentralised Management System
Adapted from:
Meunier, S, (2016), Blockchain technology — a very special kind of Distributed Database, Medium, Dec (accessed: Oct )

5. Impact of data revolution on strategy
Factory
Strategic
high
Impact of data revolution on operations
Turn
Around
Support
low
high
Impact of data revolution on strategy
Adapted: Applegate (2005)

6. Rise of Unstructured and Non-Relational
Structured data the mainstay, but, we’re seeing a rethink
Standardization (LADM), 3Dization
Leveraging off the semi-structured trend
LADM, GML, LandXML, RDF, BIM, LandInfra
Experimenting with the great unstructured
2 vs. 5000, 0.5 used, Talking Titler, OSCAR

7. Evolution in Distributed Databases
Data and storage are being dispersed via outsourcing and cloud
NoSQL in land sector is experimental (MarkLogic, MongoDB)
NewSQL is really not existent (Google Spanner)
Why?
Transaction numbers too low?
Transactions too complex?
Latency and through-put not so important?
…but, what about globally integrated markets and unbundling?

8. Slow Burn for Big Data Analytics
Seek fast response times on queries of large data sets
Relational (Oracle) or non-relational (Hadoop)
Some experimentation (e.g. GeoSpark)
But, overall where art thou?
Transaction focus reigns supreme?
Not enough (accessible) data?
Applications are not clear?

9. Decentralized Management Hope vs. Hype
Decentralizing management with Blockchain
Now, dozens of examples…
A few more…
Exploring ‘Land Lay By’ in Kenya
Profiling ‘Fractional Property Investment’ in Australia

11. Distributed SQL Data Warehouse
Database
(DDBMS)
Time
Distributed Ledgers
Hadoop
NoSQL
Distributed SQL Data Warehouse
NewSQL
SQL
Analytical
3rd Generation
LIS
Transactional
2nd Generation
LIS
2000s
Centralised
Database
(RDBMS)
1st Generation
LIS
Transactional +
Analytical
1970s
Scale of DB Infrastructure
Relational
Non-Relational
Other…
Centralized Management Systems
Decentralised Management System
Adapted from:
Meunier, S, (2016), Blockchain technology — a very special kind of Distributed Database, Medium, Dec (accessed: Oct )

12. Impact of data revolution on strategy
Factory
Strategic
high
Cadasta
~1%
OECD
Countries
30%
Ghana/ Landmapp
1st
Generation
LIS
Kenya/ Land Lay By
Dubai/ ConsenSys
Australia/ Brickx.com
DCDBs +
Legacy System
Talking Titler
Ghana/ Bitland
2nd and 3rd Generation
LIS
Impact of data revolution on operations
0st
Generation
LIS
70%
GLTN/STDM
Software
Georgia/ Bitfury
Sweden/ Chromaway
FAO/ SOLA
Developing
Contexts
Honduras/ Factom
Turn
Around
Support
low
high
Impact of data revolution on strategy

14. Land Lay By
Existing business based on selling land options to diaspora
Introducing DLT registry to mirror MoL in 2018/19
On Etherium
Public, with private aspects (e.g. sales price)
Intermediaries incentivised using Harambee Tokens

15. Challenges Technical Political Financial
Developing robust smart contracts
Populating the DLT with authenticated land ownership data
Potential conflicts with the DLT registry and MoL registries
Political
Attempting support without support of MoL
Government currently focused on its own digitization program
Requires intermediaries support, but, they’re potentially being removed?!
Financial
Upfront investment costs
ICO of Harambee Tokens

16. ...fractional property investment

18. Brickx.com Essentially a privatized registry and marketplace
Not yet using DLTs
Business model based on taking a small % of transaction
Each property is a unit trust anchored to traditional land administration system

19. Challenges Rate of return on investment?
Does it do anything to raise levels of tenure security?
Could or should the approach be applied in low income countries?
Are DLTs the tool realize ‘mass unbundling’ of the ownership parcel?

20. Summary… Trending towards uptake on most fronts
Opportunities for more analytics
Adjusting expectations, broadening focus
Something old, something new
Assessing impact: too soon or too hard?

21. End.
Thanks for your time.