1. Public Involvement Involvement Public – who?
Stakeholder
Partner
Client: User/Visitor/Customer/Non-user/Agent
See Kotler/Howard & Crompton Classification
Involvement
How, when , where, why, what, how much?

2. Transactive PI Two-way communication, dialogue
Common ground, shared values
Mutual learning, increased understanding & ownership
Collaborative solutions

3. Principles PI an integral part of planning process
Develop a PI Plan- Why, Who, What, When, Where, How, How much
Continuing participation – build relationships
Open and two way communication – informed inputs, documented responses

4. Why? Improve decisions Inform various publics Build support & trust
Understand your publics
Collaborative solutions
Partnerships

5. What? Identify, clarify, prioritize issues Values, preferences, needs
Goals & objectives
Generate alternatives
Evaluate
Help implement

6. How? – PI Tools News letters/ releases, web sites
Meetings, workshops, open houses
Phone trees/contact lists, people database
Kiosks
Focus groups, Delphi, Nominal group tech.
Advisory groups
Comment, complaint boxes, Internet …

7. Where, When, How Much? Where? When? My place or yours?
Internet, mass media, face-to-face, public or private gatherings
When?
Early and throughout process
Convenience of the intended public
How Much?
Benefit/Cost ratio

8. Publics/Market Segments
Input Publics
Support
Supplier
Employee
Output Publics
Consumers
Agents
Sanctioning publics
General, competitor, special, government

9. Market Segmentations Demographic/Socioeconomic Geographic
Psychographic
Product-related