1. Angular movements possible at the five joints of a hind leg in Aphrophora.
Angular movements possible at the five joints of a hind leg in Aphrophora. The pivot of each joint is indicated by a blue dot, and the broken lines indicate the positions of same parts of the joints in their different positions. In A,B,D,E one extreme position is shown in grey, the other in black. (A) The thoraco-coxal joint viewed laterally. The coxa can rotate by some 25° about the thorax. In this diagram the femur has also moved about the trochanter. (B-E) Ventral views. (B) The femur can rotate by some 30° about the trochanter. (C) Three positions of the coxo-trochanteral joint: almost fully levated, mid position, and almost fully depressed. The trochanter can levate and depress by some ° about the coxa. (D) The tibia can flex and extend by some 170° about the femur. (E) The tarsus can levate and depress by some 45° about the tibia.
Malcolm Burrows J Exp Biol 2006;209:
© The Company of Biologists Limited 2006