1. New diabetes stratification
A data-driven cluster analysis of six variables: age at diagnosis, BMI, HbA1c, β-cell function, insulin resistance, and GADA
Type of diabetes
Main characteristics
SAID
Early onset, low BMI, poor metabolic control, insulin deficiency, GADA positive
SIDD
Early onset, low BMI, poor metabolic control, low insulin secretion, GADA negative
SIRD
Insulin resistance, high BMI
MOD
No insulin resistance, high BMI
MARD
Older patients with modest metabolic derangements
SAID: severe autoimmune diabetes; SIDD: severe insulin-deficient diabetes; SIRD: severe insulin resistant diabetes; MOD: mild obesity-related diabetes; MARD: mild age-related diabetes; GADA: glutamate decarboxylase antibodies; BMI: body-mass-index;
Ahlqvist E, et al. Lancet Diab Endocrinol 2018