1. Paula Perälä MTT Agrifood Research Finland Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Finland

2. Participants of National Inventory FINLAND´S NATIONAL GHG INVENTORY MTT Agrifood Research Finland Statistics Finland Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA) Finnish Environment Institute Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

3. Agricultural Emission Sources N 2 O emissions from manure management CO 2 emissions from agricultural soils CH 4 emissions from manure management CH 4 emissions from enteric fermentation of livestock Direct and indirect N 2 O emissions from agricultural soils

4. Agricultural Emissions (Tg CO 2 -equivalents) 19901993199519982001 CH 4 2.061.921.851.831.76 N2ON2ON2ON2O4.824.214.223.883.73 CO 2 3.222.231.732.031.95 Total10.108.367.797.747.45 Source:Finland´s National Inventory Report 2002 to the European Commission

5. Agricultural Emissions (Tg CO 2 – equivalents/year) Source:Finland´s National Inventory Report 2002 to the European Commission

6. Emissions by Source and Gas Source:Finland´s National Inventory Report 2002 to the European Commission

7. Agenda 2000 scenario (Tg CO 2 eq/year) Source: Finland´s Third National Communication Under the UNFCCC

8. Activity Data Sources INVENTORY Published Literature Agricultural Organizations Research Institutes Databases Agricultural Experts

9. Calculation Methods-Summary Calculation Methods-Summary Emission source Method CH 4 enteric fermentationIPCC Tier 1 and Tier 2 CH 4 manure management IPCC Tier 2 N 2 O manure managementIPCC N 2 O agricultural soils IPCC Tier 1a and IPCC Tier 1 b CO 2 agricultural soils IPCC Both national data and IPCC default values used for calculating the parameters

10. CH 4 From Enteric Fermentation Cattle: IPCC Tier 2 method with both national data and IPCC default values used for calculating emission factors Other livestock: IPCC Tier 1 method with IPCC default values as emission factors except for reindeer (national EF)

11. CH 4 From Enteric Fermentation- Methods and Emission Factors Animal categoryMethodEF (kg CH4/head/year) EF Source Dairy cowsIPCC Tier 2114.0National Mother cowsIPCC Tier 266.05National BullsIPCC Tier 260.15National HeifersIPCC Tier 261.24National CalvesIPCC Tier 225.08National SwineIPCC Tier 11.50IPCC Default SheepIPCC Tier 18.0IPCC Default GoatsIPCC Tier 15.0IPCC Default HorsesIPCC Tier 118.0IPCC Default ReindeerIPCC Tier 18.85National

12. CH 4 From Manure Management Calculated for each animal type and manure management system Calculated for each animal type and manure management system by IPCC Tier 2 method with both with both national data and IPCC default values for parameters

13. CH 4 From Manure Management- Emission Factors Animal categoryEF (kg CH 4 /head/year) Dairy cows7.92 Mother cows1.41 Bulls4.37 Heifers3.07 Calves1.31 Swine3.37 Sheep0.19 Goats0.12 Horses1.42 Poultry0.09

14. N 2 O From Manure Management Calculated by using for each manure management system Calculated by using IPCC method and IPCC default emission factors for each manure management system

15. N 2 O From Manure Management- Emission Factors Manure management system EF (kg N 2 O-N/kg Nitrogen excreted) Pasture0.02 Slurry0.001 Solid storage0.02

16. NO Essions From Soils N 2 O Emissions From Soils Calculated by using Calculated by using IPCC Tier 1 a method for direct emissions and IPCC Tier 1 b method for indirect emissions

17. NO Essions From Soils N 2 O Emissions From Soils Direct emissions: synthetic fertilizers, livestock manure, crop residue, N- fixation, organic soils, sewage sludge Indirect emissions: atmospheric deposition (synthetic fertilizers, livestock manure, sewage sludge), leaching and run-off (synthetic fertilizers, livestock manure, sewage sludge)

18. Direct N 2 O Emissions From Soils Emission sourceEF (kg N 2 O-N/kg N) EF Source Synthetic Fertilizers0.0125IPCC Livestock Manure0.0125IPCC Sewage Sludge0.0125IPCC Crop Residue0.0125IPCC N-Fixation0.0125IPCC Emission sourceEF (kg N 2 O-N /ha/year) EF Source Organic Soils8.0IPCC

19. Indirect N 2 O Emissions From Soils Atmospheric Deposition Fraction Emitted as NH 4 -N & NO x -N/kg N % EF (kg N 2 O-N/ kg NH 4 -N & NO x -N) EF Source Synthetic Fertilizers0.60.01IPCC Livestock Manure310.01IPCC Sewage Sludge310.01IPCC Leaching and Run- Off Fraction of N Leached % EF (kg N 2 O-N / kg N leached) Synthetic Fertilizers150.025IPCC Livestock Manure150.025IPCC Sewage Sludge150.025IPCC

20. 2 Emissions From Soils CO 2 Emissions From Soils Mineral soils: Calculated by using changes in carbon stocks in 20 years period resulting from land-use changes Organic soils: Calculated by using both IPCC and national emission factors Liming: Calculated by using IPCC method and both IPCC and national conversion factors

21. Mineral Soils-Parameters Land-use type: long term cultivated, improved pasture, set aside, forested, abandoned Soil type (area of total): high activity (11%), low activity (41 %), sandy (33%) Soil carbon stock (Mg/ha): sandy 14-22, low activity and high activity 56-88

22. Organic Soils-Emission factors Mg C/ha/aEF Source Peat soils (organic matter >40 %) Pasture2National Upland crop4National Other organic soils (organic matter 20-40%) Pasture0.5National Upland crop1IPCC

23. Liming IPCC method and both IPCC and national conversion factors used Conversion factors: limestone 0.12, dolomite 0.13, briquette lime 0.12 Amounts of lime from the Finnish Liming Association

24. Uncertainty Analysis in Agricultural Sector (1999) Source Category and Gas Activity Data Uncertainty % Emission Factor Uncertainty % Combined Uncertainty % CO 2 soils30100104 CH 4 enteric fermentation 103032 CH 4 manure management 103032 N 2 O manure management 10100 N 2 O soils-direct30100104 N 2 O soils- indirect 40150155 Source: Pipatti, R. 2001. Greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Finland. VTT Research Notes 2094

25. Quality Assurance and Control In co-operation with: Statistics Finland Finnish Environment Institute and Technical Research Centre of Finland Principal tasks at the moment: Complete documentation of the system Updating the parameters used

26. Future Development Parameter updating QA/QC measures Uncertainty analysis Measurements for acquiring national data Development of new calculation methods International co-operation