1. AIML
A I Markup Language

2. CATEGORIES Basic knowledge unit Stimulus is called the pattern
Response is called the template
<category> <pattern> …. </pattern> <template>…… <template> </category>

3. Wildcards * and _ means match a word of input
Matching order is different (_ word *)
<star/> accesses the matched word
<star index = index /> for multiple wildcards

4. Context “that” “topic” <that> </that>
matches the last utterance of the bot
Occurs inside the category
“topic”
<topic> </topic>
Occurs outside a set of categories
Groups related sets of categories

5. Context Usage Pattern Side That
<category> <pattern> …. </pattern>
<that> … </that> <template>…… <template> </category>

6. Context Template Side That
“that” appears in a template
No content! Just an attribute with integer or list of integers (don’t forget to make a string!)
<that index=../>
Outputs the past utterences

7. Recursion Symbolic Reduction Divide and Conquer
Spelling or grammar corrections
Keyword detection anywhere in the input
Conditionals
Synonyms

8. Recursion <srai> </srai>
Warning – infinite loops are possible
Symbolic reduction:
<category> <pattern>DO YOU KNOW WHO * IS</pattern> <template><srai>WHO IS <star/></srai></template> </category>

9. Divide and Conquer
<category> <pattern>YES *</pattern> <template><srai>YES</srai> <sr/></template> </category>

10. Synonyms
<category> <pattern>HELLO</pattern> <template>Hi there!</template> </category>
<category> <pattern>HI</pattern> <template><srai>HELLO</srai></template> </category>

11. Keyword
<category> <pattern>MOTHER</pattern> <template> Tell me more about your family. </template> </category>
<category> <pattern>_ MOTHER</pattern> <template> Tell me more about your family. </template> </category>
<category> <pattern>MOTHER _</pattern> <template> Tell me more about your family. </template> </category>

12. Conditionals – using <srai>
<category> <pattern>Who is he</pattern> <template> <srai>whoishe
<get name=“he”/></srai> </template> </category>

13. Conditionals Single: <condition name=“X“ value=“Y”>
<li> </li>
</condition>
Multiple:
<condition name=“X“>
<li value=“Y”> </li>
<li value=“Z”> </li>
<condition>
<li name = “X” value = “Y”> …. </li>

14. Return Random Responce
<template>
<random>
<li> .. </li>
<li> … </li>
</random>
</template>

15. Predicates Get Set There are other predicates! <get name= …/>
returns value assigned to the name
Empty string if no value has been assigned
Set
<set name = … > contents </set>
There are other predicates!

16. Targeting A design strategy
Examine the user input
If one person input a sentence – odds are good some else will!