2. The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use
Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

3. Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works
Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a menu-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications
Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works
Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools
Identify and briefly describe the applications associated with the Internet and the Web
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

4. Outline a process for creating Web content
Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming more universally used and accepted for business use, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved
Identify who is using the Web to conduct business and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web shopping
Outline a process for creating Web content
Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

5. Identify several issues associated with the use of networks
Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them
Identify several issues associated with the use of networks
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

6. Use and Functioning of the Internet
Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
ARPANET
Ancestor of the Internet
A project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

7. Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard enabling traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Research for a faster Internet: Internet2 (I2); Next Generation Internet (NGI); Abilene
Wireless Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

8. How the Internet Works
The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another
If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it can send the message directly
If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

9. Figure 7.1: Routing Messages over the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

10. How the Internet Works (continued)
Data is passed in chunks called packets
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with Internet Protocol (IP) by most Internet applications
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): an assigned address on the Internet for each computer
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

11. Accessing the Internet
Connect via LAN server
Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to- Point Protocol (PPP)
Connect via an online service
Other ways to connect (e.g., wireless application protocol, or WAP)
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

12. Figure 7.3: Several Ways to Access the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

13. Internet Service Providers
Internet service provider (ISP): any company that provides individuals or organizations with Internet access
Most charge a monthly fee
Many ISPs and online services offer broadband Internet access through digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

14. The World Wide Web World Wide Web: AKA the Web, WWW, or W3
A menu-based system that uses the client/server model
Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

15. The World Wide Web (continued)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): the standard page description language for Web pages
HTML tags: inform browsers how to format text on a Web page, and whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted
Extensible Markup Language (XML): markup language for Web documents containing structured information, including words, pictures, and other elements
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

16. Figure 7.4: Sample Hypertext Markup Language
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

17. Web Browsers
Web browser: software that creates a unique, hypermedia- based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web
The menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with hypertext links
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

18. Search Engines Search engine: a Web search tool
Examples of search engines: Yahoo.com; Google.com
Most search engines are free
Searches can use words such as AND and OR to refine the search
Meta-search engine: submits keywords to several individual search engines and returns the results from all search engines queried
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

19. Table 7.5: Popular Search Engines
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

20. Web Programming Languages
Java
Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++
Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

21. Web Programming Languages (continued)
Other programming languages used to develop Web sites:
JavaScript
VBScript
ActiveX
Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

22. Business Uses of the Web
Linking buyers and sellers
Tool for marketing, sales, and customer support
Push technology: automatic transmission of information over the Internet rather than making users search for it with their browsers
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

23. Developing Web Content
Computer must be linked to a Web server
Need Web browser program
Add links to home page
Advertise
Tools: word processor, HTML editor, HTML template, text editor
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

24. Web Services
Web services: standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites for business and personal purposes
XML is used within a Web page to describe and transfer data between Web service applications
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

25. Web Services (continued)
Besides XML, other components are used in Web service applications:
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and Integration)
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

26. Internet and Web Applications
and instant messaging
Instant messaging: a method that allows two or more individuals to communicate online using the Internet
Internet cell phones and handheld computers
Career information and job searching
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

27. Internet and Web Applications (continued)
Telnet and FTP
Telnet: a terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers on the Internet to gain access to public files
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): a protocol that describes a file transfer process between a host and a remote computer and allows users to copy files from one computer to another
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

28. Internet and Web Applications (continued)
Web log (blog): a Web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics
Usenet and newsgroups
Usenet: a system closely allied with the Internet that uses to provide a centralized news service; a protocol that describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers
Newsgroups: online discussion groups that focus on specific topics
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

29. Internet and Web Applications (continued)
Chat room: a facility that enables two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet
Internet phone and videoconferencing services
Content streaming: a method for transferring multimedia files over the Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously without a break, or very few of them; enables users to browse large files in real time
Shopping on the Web
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

30. Figure 7.7: How Voice Over IP Works
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

31. Internet and Web Applications (continued)
Web auctions
Music, radio, and video on the Internet
Office on the Web
Internet sites in three dimensions
Free software and services
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

32. Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and Web Applications
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

33. Table 7.6: Summary of Internet and Web Applications (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

34. Intranets and Extranets
Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
Slashes the need for paper
Provides employees with an easy and intuitive approach to access information that was previously difficult to obtain
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

35. Intranets and Extranets (continued)
Extranet: a network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Virtual private network (VPN): a secure connection between two points across the Internet
Tunneling: the process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

36. Table 7.11: Summary of Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Users
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

37. Figure 7.8: Virtual Private Network
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

38. Net Issues Management issues: preventing attacks
Service and speed issues
Web server computers can be overwhelmed by the amount of “hits” (requests for pages)
Routers can become bottlenecks
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

39. Figure 7.9: Typical Sources of Internet Attacks
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

40. Net Issues (continued)
Privacy
Spyware: hidden files and information trackers that install themselves secretly when you visit some Internet sites
Cookie: a text file that an Internet company can place on the hard disk of a computer system
Fraud
Phishing
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

41. Net Issues (continued)
Security with encryption and firewalls
Cryptography: converting a message into a secret code and changing the encoded message back to regular text
Digital signature: encryption technique used to verify the identity of a message sender for processing online financial transactions
Firewall: a device that sits between an internal network and the Internet, limiting access into and out of a network based on access policies
Unauthorized sites
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

42. Figure 7.10: Cryptography process
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

43. Summary
The Internet is a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
Internet Protocol (IP) is a communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Internet data is passed in chunks called packets
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

44. Summary (continued)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is an assigned address on the Internet for each computer
Ways of accessing the Internet include via a LAN server, Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and an online service
The World Wide Web is a menu-based system that organizes Internet resources into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard page description language for Web pages
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition

45. Summary (continued)
A Web browser is software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web
A search engine is a Web search tool
An intranet is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards
An extranet is a network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Principles of Information Systems, Seventh Edition