1. Chapter 2 Matter and Measurement
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter can be a solid, liquid, or a gas
Solids have a fixed volume and a rigid shape
Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container
Gases expand to fill the container that holds them

2. Matter can be classified into 2 categories
Pure substances
Pure substances have fixed composition and a unique set of properties
Mixtures
Mixtures are composed of two or more substances

3. Pure Substances can be further divided
Elements
An element is a substance that cannot be further broken down into two or more substances
There are currently 115 known elements
Compounds
A compound is a substance that contains more than one element.
Compounds have fixed composition

4. Mixtures can be further divided
Heterogeneous
Non-uniform mixtures in which the composition varies throughout the substance
Homogeneous
Uniform mixtures in which the composition is the same throughout

5. Flowchart of Matter

6. Chemical Separation
In chemistry a separation process transforms a mixture of substances into two or more compositionally-distinct products.
Barring a few exceptions, almost every element or compound is found naturally in an impure state such as a mixture of two or more substances.

7. Separation Techniques
Filtration
Distillation
Chromotography
Decantation
Extraction
Sedimentation
Precipitation