1. Fertilization and Development in Humans

2. Fertilization
______________ the ______________ of the sperm and egg ______________ in the ____________________________
In humans, ______________ and ______________ is ______________ in the body of the ______________.
At the moment of fertilization, the egg develops a ____________________________ around itself to prevent other ______________ from penetrating.
A fertilized egg is called a ______________ = +
Name: ______________ ______________ ______________
Chromosome ______________ ______________ ______________
Number
FERTILIZATION RESTORES THE SPECIES NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES

3. As the Egg Travels Fraternal Twins Identical Twins
Fertilization of _____ eggs by ___ sperm
Female releases __________ than one egg during ovulation
Fertilized zygote __________ into 2 identical embryos
Only __________ was fertilized by _______________

4. Advantages / Disadvantages of Internal Fertilization
Avoid hazards of the _______________
Sperm can only fertilize an egg for a _______________ period of time
Eggs are well _______________
Sperm live a _______________ time because they store _______________ food.

5. Animal Development (A) (B)
1) __________ 2) __________ 3) __________ 4) __________
11)__________
(C)
9) __________
10)__________
8) __________ 7) __________ 6) __________ 5) __________
_____________________________________

6. Cleavage
__________ - after fertilization, the __________ divides by __________ to produce __________ cells
Cell division continues without __________
Once cleavage begins, the zygote is called an __________
__________ - hollow ball formed by the embryo
__________ - when the embryo attaches to the ____________________

7. Gastrulation
_______________ - embryo cells become __________ from one another
They form __________ and __________ of the new organism
DIFFERENT __________ TURN ON OR OFF IN CERTAIN CELLS TO PRODUCE DIFFERENT __________
THE _____________ A CELL MAKES, DETERMINE ITS _______________
Three embryonic germ layers of the embryo
__________ - develops into __________ and ____________________
__________ - develops into __________ and __________ systems
__________ - develops into __________ other systems like the __________ and __________ systems

8. Growth in the Uterus
__________ - __________ the embryo and__________ the embryo, holds in a fluid called ____________________
__________ - organ responsible for the __________, by __________, of __________ and __________ from the mother’s __________ to the fetus. __________ from the fetus __________ to the mother’s blood through the __________. The mother’s and fetus’ blood ____________________
____________________ - attaches the __________ to the __________. Contains ____________________ that connect the embryo’s __________ system to the __________ of the placenta

9. Reproductive Technology
Reproductive technology has greatly changed the way we can deal with problems involving _______________ of humans as well as other plants and organisms.
Agriculture scientists have produced plants resistant to __________, _______________, or even __________
Resistant plants can be __________ to produce more resistant crops
_________________________ - used to reproduce farm animals that exhibit genetic advantages
____________________ - enables infertile women to become pregnant
____________________ - eggs are extracted from an infertile woman and __________ with sperm in a laboratory dish.
The ____________________ are implanted into the woman’s uterus, and a _______________pregnancy may result.
_______________ and ____________________ allow doctors to view __________, __________, and other reproductive structures

10. Invitro Fertilization

11. Amniocentesis
_______________ - procedure to extract fluid from around the developing fetus
Doctors analyze the cells in the __________ fluid
_________________________ and ____________________ can be detected that may threaten the health of the developing fetus

12. Dangers that face a Fetus
The __________ prevents most infections that make the mother ill from passing to the fetus
__________ - passes through the tissues of the mother and may affect the fetus
__________ - damages the dividing __________ of the fetus
_________________________ - found within the mother can enter the fetus
____________________ by the mother affects development in the fetus and may produce underweight babies
Exposure to __________ or __________ are also harmful to the fetus
Use of __________, __________, LSD, and __________ during pregnancy can cause serious results
____________________ and ____________________ can result from __________ and __________ passing from the mother’s blood to the fetus

13. Fertilization & Development in Other Organisms Fish and Amphibians
Fertilization is __________
Females lay __________ numbers of eggs in the water
This ensures the __________ of the species
Males will __________ sperm over the eggs in the water to fertilize them
Advantages
Disadvantages
Moist surroundings
Egg and sperm may not __________
Eggs may be __________
Changes in _________________ may destroy the eggs and sperm (__________, ________________, and ________________________

14. Fertilization & Development in Other Organisms Birds and Reptiles
In birds and reptiles, fertilization is __________, within the female’s reproductive tract
__________ produce a __________ shell around the egg and ____________ is external – outside the female’s body
__________ produce a __________ shell around the egg and ____________ is external – outside the female’s body

15. Fertilization & Development in Other Organisms Non-placental Mammals – Egg Laying Mammals
____________________ - have __________ fertilization
Lay ____________________ eggs
When __________, the young are nourished by the mother’s ____________________
Examples of egg laying mammals are:
____________________

16. Fertilization & Development in Other Organisms Non-placental Mammals – Marsupials
____________________ - have __________ fertilization
____________________ - begin development __________ the female
The __________ of the egg is used for __________
A tiny __________ leaves the mother’s body and crawls across the mother’s fur into a __________
Once in the __________, the __________ will receive nourishment from the mother’s ____________________
Examples of marsupials are:
____________________, ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________,