1. Human Communication: The Basic Course Twelfth Edition
PowerPoint™ Presentations prepared by:
Naomi Young
University of California, San Diego
Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of the City University of New York

2. Chapter Fifteen: Supporting And Organizing
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3. Chapter Goals Learn About:
The main idea or thesis of the speech and its main points
The nature of support
The organizational patterns, introductions, and conclusions for speeches of all types
Learn To:
Formulate a clear thesis statement
Support your ideas with interesting and persuasive materials
Organize your thoughts so that your speech is easy to follow and maintains audience interest and attention
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4. Step 4: Collect Supporting Materials
Examples, illustrations, and narratives
Stress relevancy
Real v. hypothetical
Analogies
Figurative analogies
Literal analogies
Definitions
Etymology
Authority
Negation
Specific examples
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5. Step 4: Collect Supporting Materials
Testimony
Expert witness testimony
Eyewitness testimony
Numerical Data
Raw numbers – figures unmodified by mathematical operation
Statistics-complex set of numbers
Mean, the mode, the median
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6. Step 4: Collect Supporting Materials
Using numerical data
Make clear
Make meaningful
Make explicit
Connect with point
Use in moderation
Reinforce visually
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7. Presentation Aids A visual or auditory means for clarifying ideas
Help you gain attention and maintain interest
Add clarity
Reinforce your message
Contribute to credibility and confidence
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8. Types of Presentation Aids
The object
Models
Graphs
Word charts
Maps
People
Photographs and illustrations
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9. Using Presentation Aids
Know your aids intimately
Rehearse your speech using aids
Integrate presentation aids into your speech seamlessly
Avoid talking to your aid
Use aid only when relevant
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10. Computer-Assisted Presentations
Ways of using presentation software
Suggestions for designing slides
Use software templates
Use consistent typeface, size and color
Be brief
Use colors wisely
Use only the visuals you need
Use charts and tables when necessary
Anticipate questions
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11. Step 5: Develop Your Main Points
Eliminate points less relevant to thesis
Combine points that have common focus
Select points that are most relevant or interesting to audience
Use two to four major points
Word main points in parallel style
Develop main points so they are separate and discrete
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12. Step 6: Organize Your Speech
Organizing will help guide the speech preparation process
Organizing will help your audience understand your speech
Organizing will help your audience remember your speech
Organizing will help establish your credibility
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13. Step 6: Organize Your Speech
Temporal
Spatial
Topical
Problem-Solution
Cause-Effect/Effect-Cause
Motivated sequence
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14. Step 7: Construct Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Transitions
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15. Introductions Gain attention Establish connection Orient audience
Ask a question
Use humor
Use a presentation aid
Use a quotation
Cite a little-known fact
Use an illustration or dramatic story
Establish connection
Orient audience
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16. Conclusions Summarize Motivate Close
Restate thesis, importance, main points
Motivate
Ask for specific response
Provide directions for action
Close
Use a quote
Pose a challenge or question
Refer back to introduction
Thank audience
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17. Transitions Connectives Previews Reviews Signposts
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18. Pitfalls in Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions
Don’t apologize
Avoid promising something you won’t deliver
Avoid gimmicks
Don’t introduce your speech with ineffective statements
Conclusions
No new material
Don’t dilute
End crisply
Transitions
Numbers
Proportions
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19. Outlining Your Speech Preface the outline with identifying data
Outline the introduction, body and conclusion as separate units
Insert transitions
Include a list of references
Use a consistent set of symbols
Use visual aspects to reflect the organizational pattern
Use complete, declarative sentences
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20. Sample Outlines The Preparation Outline Template Outline
The Phrase/Key-Word Presentation Outline
Be brief
Be clear
Be delivery minded
Rehearse with presentation outline
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21. Knowledge to Action
What do you find to be the most engaging type of support for a speech?
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