1. By: Emily Skirpan and Caleigh Hensley
Ethnicity
By: Emily Skirpan and Caleigh Hensley

2. Race Vs. Ethnicity What is race?
Race is used to describe an identity with a group of people that descend from a common ancestor
Words to describe race are:
Caucasian
African American
What is ethnicity?
Ethnicity is used to describe an identity with a group of people that share distinct mental and physical traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions
*Race can be used to describe ethnicity!

3. Where are ethnicities concentrated?
African American – Mostly concentrated in the South, and some cities up North
Asian American – Mostly concentrated on the West coast and Hawaii
Latin American – Mostly concentrated in the Southwest and bordering states
Native American – Mostly concentrated in the Southwest and a few Midwest states

8. History of slavery and segregation
The Triangular Slave Trade – Slaves were sent primarily to Caribbean Islands and traded for sugar and molasses
The slaves were sent to work on plantations in the Southern part of the United States
The Civil War lead to tension over the question and morality of slavery
The Emancipation Proclamation followed by the 13th Amendment ended slavery in the US
Sharecropping resulted as a part of the slaves’ freedom

9. Racial Discrimination
Although slaves were freed, there were still tensions between racial groups
Jim Crow Laws- The systematic practice of discriminating against and segregating Black people, especially as practiced in the American South from the end of Reconstruction to the mid- 20th century
Brown v. Board of Education- court case that ruled separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional

10. Apartheid
Apartheid – “Separateness” between whites and blacks in South Africa
This is a good example of racial discrimination in the 20th century

11. Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing – the desire to kill or remove every man, woman, and child of one ethnic group
Example: Bosnian Serbs (Orthodox Christians) against Bosnian Muslims in former Yugoslavia
Genocide- the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race.
Example: The Genocide in Rwanda and the Holocaust

12. Key terms
Racism - belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement
Racist- person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others
nation-state- state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
Race -people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock
Apartheid - a rigid policy of segregation of the non-white population in the country of South Africa. An system or practice that separates people according to race, caste, etc.
Balkanization -to divide (a country, territory, or other geographic area) into small, quarrelsome, and ineffectual states.

13. Key terms from this chapter
Nationalism - the loyalty and devotion towards a particular country or nation
Nationality - the identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country
Centrifugal force - the apparent force that seems to draw away from unity of a group
Ethnic cleansing - the systematic elimination of an ethnic group, or groups from a region or society through deportation, forced emigration, or genocide
Ethnicity - group identification based on shared ethnic traits, background, allegiance, or association
Enclave – a country surrounded by a foreign country; a group living within a larger group
Acculturation -the modification of one's culture with a prolonged interaction involving another culture

14. Key Terms
Genetics -the science of heredity, dealing with resemblances and differences of related organisms resulting from the interaction of their genes and the environment.
Ethnicity -identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.
Genocide -the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.
Triangular slave trade - an efficient triangular trading pattern
Exclave - portion of a country geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory
multi-ethnic state – a state that contains more one ethnicity.
multinational state – a state that contains two or more ethnic groups