1. Chapter 8 Acids, Bases, and Salt
Section 1
Acids, Bases, and pH
p. 256

2. Compare acids and bases Understand the set up of the pH scale
Objectives
Compare acids and bases
Understand the set up of the pH scale

3. Acids And Bases Have Two Different Faces
I. Acids- any compound that increases the number of hydronium (H3O+) ions when dissolved in water (they must ionize)
A. Characteristics
1. Sour taste
2. Turn blue litmus paper red- blue
to red, acid (litmus is an indicator)
3. Equation usually starts with an
H (HCl, H2SO4)

4. B. Strong acids completely ionize and
form electrolytes
1. Electrolyte- substances that
conduct electricity when dissolved
in water
C. Weak acids form weak electrolytes
D. Concentrated acids can be very
dangerous – a diluted solution is
safer

5. II. Bases- any compound that increases the number of hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water
A. Characteristics
1. Bitter or soapy taste
2. Solutions feel slippery
3. Turn red litmus paper blue
4. Strong bases end in OH, weak
will form OH when dissolved in
water

6. B. Strong bases- ionic compound that
contains a metal and OH- ion
1. When dissolved in water they
dissociate completely
2. Attacks living tissue rapidly –
when concentrated, can be more
dangerous than acids
C. Weak bases form OH- ions when
dissolved in water
Acids & Bases

7. Each step in the scale is a power of 10 increase/decrease in strength
III. pH – Indicates concentration of H30+ ions
(think percent hydronium)
pH is an indication of moles/L of
hydronium [1x10-7 mol/L is a pH of 7]
The exponent of the concentration is
the pH
Each step in the scale is a power of 10 increase/decrease in strength
Developed to test the acidity of beer

8. Acids Balance of Ions Bases
 More H30+
More OH- 
Acids Balance of Ions Bases
Battery Acid
Antacids
Hand Soap
Stomach Acid
Citric Acid
Coffee
Pure Water
Ammonia
Drain Cleaner

9. Homework