1. A Tool to Support Ontology Creation based on Incremental Mini-Ontology Merging
Zonghui Lian
Supported by

2. The Problem: Ontology Creation
Information collection and analysis
Concept and relationship design
Iterative construction

3. TANGO: Table ANalysis for generating Ontologies
Growing Ontology
New Growing ontology
Table
Mini-Ontology

4. TANGO: Table ANalysis for generating Ontologies
OntoMerge
Growing ontology
New table
New mini-ontology

5. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A simple case
Mini-ontology
Growing ontology
New growing ontology

6. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A complex case
Mini-ontology
Growing ontology

7. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A complex case
Mini-ontology
Edited mini-ontology
Growing ontology

8. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A complex case
New growing ontology
Edited Mini-ontology
Growing ontology

9. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A more complex case
Mini-ontology
Growing ontology
Issue: Functional/Nonfunction conflict

10. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A more complex case
Growing ontology
Mini-ontology
Edited Mini-ontology ?
Issue: functional/non-functional conflict
Default: The merge will make the functional relationship set non-functional.
Suggestion: If this is not what is wanted, make the non-functional edge functional before merging.

11. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A more complex case
Merged ontology
Issue: possible redundant relationship sets:
- Country has Name
- Country has Language
Default: These relationship sets will be removed.
Suggestion: If this is not what is wanted, remove/keep relationship sets as desired.

12. Ontology Mapping and Merging
A more complex case
Merged ontology
New growing ontology

13. Ontology Growing Process
Mini-ontology
Edited Mini-ontology
Ontology merging
algorithms
Ontology mapping
algorithms
New growing ontology
Merged ontology
Ontology cleaning
algorithms

14. OntoMerge: Framework Ontology editor OntoMerge … Create … …
Cleaning algorithms
OntoMerge …
Growing ontology
Mapping algorithms
Merging algorithms
Create … …
Management functions
OSM has a model-equivalent language called OSM-L, which is able
to present an OSM ontology as a set of statements, conversely, a
set of OSM-L statement can be transferred into OSM model too.

15. Contribution
A tool to support ontology mapping, merging, and cleaning (MMC)
Manual MMC
Enable plug-in algorithms for semi-automatic and automatic MMC
TANGO: ontology creation

16. The end

17. TANGO Project
An information-gathering engine to assimilate and organize knowledge

18. TANGO’s working process includes
Recognize and normalize table information
Construct mini-ontologies from normalized table
Discover inter-ontology mapping (UI)
Merge mini-ontology into a growing ontology

19. Ontology Mapping
Based on the characteristics of object sets in two ontologies
Simple mapping
Joint mapping
Union mapping

20. Ontology Mapping
Based on the number of object sets in two different ontologies
The 1:1 cardinality problem
The 1:n (n:1) cardinality problem
The n:m cardinality problem

21. Ontology Mapping and Merging
Simple Case ==

22. Ontology Mapping
Union Mapping:
1:n or n:1
1:1

23. Ontology Mapping
Join Mapping
1:n or n:1
1:1

24. OntoMerge Tool Ontology editor OntoMerge
OSM has a model-equivalent language called OSM-L, which is able
to present an OSM ontology as a set of statements, conversely, a
set of OSM-L statement can be transferred into OSM model too.

25. Concepts: Country, Population Males,
and Population Females
Relationships: Country[1] has
Population Males[1:*] and
Country[1] has Population
Females[1:*]
Concepts: Country and Population total
Relationships: Country[1] has
Population total[1:*]
Concepts: Country, Population total, Population Males and Population
Females
Relationships: Country[1] has Population total[1:*]; Population Males
Isa Population total; and Population Females isa Population total
Country(s) SimpleMap Country(t)
(Population Males, Population Females) UnionMap Population total

26. Ontology Merging Ontology merging based on join mapping ==
Concepts: Person, First Name and Last Name
Relationships: Person[1] has First Name[1:*] and
Person[1] has Last Name[1:*]
Concepts: Person and Name
Relationships: Person[1] has Name[1:*]
(First Name[1](s) , Last Name[1](s)) JoinMap Name(t)
Person(s) SimpleMap Person(t)
Concepts: Person, Name, First Name, and Last Name
Relationships: Person[1] has Name[1:*], First Name[1]
isSubPartOf Name[1] and Last Name[1] is SubPartOf
Name[1]

27. OntoMerge:
A tool to support ontology mapping and merging based on existed algorithms
Provide a framework where mapping and merging algorithms can be plugged in
Provide IDS (issue/ default/ suggestions)
Provide users a friendly UI and allow users to fully control mapping and merging including manually map and merge ontologies