1. Branched Alkanes

2. Substituents
Any hydrogen in a hydrocarbon chain can be substituted with another hydrocarbon group

3. Substituents
The substituted hydrocarbon group is called an alkyl group
Suffix: -yl: hydrocarbon group

4. Branched Chains
When an alkane chain gets another hydrocarbon group substituted onto it
Branches: sidechains

5. Branched Chains C
C C C C C C
C C C

6. Naming Branched Chains

7. ) Find the longest continuous carbon chain & name it as the main chain
) Find the longest continuous carbon chain & name it as the main chain. The final name will end with the naming of the main chain

8. C Hexane
C C C C C C
C C C

9. ) Number each carbon in the chain; so that, the side chains will be connected to the lowest possible numbers on the carbons

10. C Hexane
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
C C C

11. ) When you name the side chains or substituted groups, preceed them with the # of the carbon they are connected to & a dash

12. C 2-methyl
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
C C C
2-methyl 4-ethyl

13. ) If identical groups appear more than once, use prefixes: di for 2, tri for 3, tetra for 4, penta for 5, etc Examples: dimethyl, tripropyl, etc

14. C 2,2-dimethyl
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
C C C
4-ethyl

15. ) Name the sidechains or groups in alphabetical order, but ignore the prefixes when doing so
Examples: ethyl comes before dimethyl, e < m

16. ) Separate numbers with commas, use hyphens between words & numbers, and write the alkanes as one word
Example: dimethylhexane

17. C
C C C C C C
C C C
4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane

18. Name the organic compounds in problem 11-5 on page 315

19. Name the organic compound on the board

20. Drill: Name
CH3
CH2
H3C-CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH3
CH CH2

21. Deriving Formulas from Names
Draw the main chain first
Look the name ending
Draw constituents
Look the # & group name

22. Draw: 2-methyl-3,4-diethyl-octane 2,3,5-trimethylhexane
5-butyl-3-ethyl-2,6,8-trimethyl-4-propyldecane

23. Isomers
Compounds that have the same chemical formula, but different shapes

24. Types of Isomers Structural or skeletal Geometric or cis/trans
Functional
Positional
Optical

25. Structural Isomers
When there are differences in the carbon chains

26. Structural Isomers
C-C-C-C-C C
C-C-C-C C-C-C
C C

27. Draw & name all the possible structural isomers for C7H16

28. Draw & name all the possible structural isomers for C6H14

29. Drill: Name:
C-C-C C
C-C-C-C-C-C-C
C C-C

30. Review

31. Identify
Organic terms
Organic prefixes
Organic suffixes

32. Drill: Name the organic compounds on the board:

33. Draw the organic compounds on the board:

34. Draw & Name isomers of:
C8H18