1. Chapter 2 Matter and Measurement
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter can be a solid, liquid, or a gas
Solids have a fixed volume and a rigid shape
Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container
Gases expand to fill the container that holds them

2. Matter can be classified into 2 categories
Pure substances
Pure substances have fixed composition and a unique set of properties
Mixtures
Mixtures are composed of two or more substances

3. Pure Substances can be further divided
Elements
An element is a substance that cannot be further broken down into two or more substances
There are currently 115 known elements
Compounds
A compound is a substance that contains more than one element.
Compounds have fixed composition

4. Mixtures can be further divided
Heterogeneous
Non-uniform mixtures in which the composition varies throughout the substance
Homogeneous
Uniform mixtures in which the composition is the same throughout

5. Flowchart of Matter

6. Physical Properties of Matter
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.

7. Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical properties of matter describes its "potential" to undergo some chemical change or reaction by virtue of its composition. What elements, electrons, and bonding are present to give the potential for chemical change.
Chemical change results in one or more substances of entirely different composition from the original substances. The elements and/or compounds at the start of the reaction are rearranged into new product compounds or elements.

8. Separation Techniques
Filtration
Distillation
Chromatography
Decantation
Extraction
Sedimentation
Precipitation