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Section 1: A Story of Two Substances

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1 Section 1: A Story of Two Substances
Chemistry is the study of everything around us. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned

2 Essential Questions What is a substance?
How does ozone form and why is it important? What are chlorofluorocarbons and how do they get into the atmosphere? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

3 Vocabulary Review New matter chemistry substance
A Story of Two Substances Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

4 Why Study Chemistry? All the “stuff” in the universe is made from building blocks formed in stars. These building blocks and everything made from them are called matter. Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

5 The Ozone Layer Ultraviolet radiation damages living organisms.
Earth’s atmosphere contains a layer of ozone that absorbs most ultraviolet radiation and protects living organisms. Ozone is a substance in the atmosphere made up of oxygen. A substance, also known as a chemical, is matter that has a definite composition. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

6 The Ozone Layer Earth’s atmosphere consists of several layers. The protective ozone layer is located in the stratosphere. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

7 The Ozone Layer Ozone, in the stratosphere, is formed when oxygen gas (O2) is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

8 The Ozone Layer Ozone has interested and been studied by scientists since the late 1800’s. Ozone forms over the equator, where the rays of sunlight are the strongest and then flows towards the poles, thus, making it a convenient marker to follow the flow of air in the stratosphere. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

9 The Ozone Layer In the mid-1980s, Scientists detected thin areas in the ozone layer over Antarctica. What could be causing the ozone hole? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

10 Chlorofluorocarbons In the 1920’s, large-scale production of refrigerators began, which used ammonia as coolant. In an attempt to find safer coolant, chemist, Thomas Midgley, Jr. synthesized the first chlorofluorocarbons in 1928. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

11 Chlorofluorocarbons A Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is a substance that consists of chlorine, fluorine and carbon. All substances that are classified as CFCs are: Man-made (they do not occur naturally) Nontoxic Stable (they do not readily react with other substances) Because of being nontoxic and very stable, they seemed to be ideal coolants for refrigerators and AC units, for use in plastic foams and as propellants in spray cans. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

12 Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs were first detected in the atmosphere in the 1970s, and the concentrations continued to increase through the 1990s. Could there be a connection between ozone thinning and increasing CFCs in the atmosphere? Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education A Story of Two Substances

13 Review Essential Questions Vocabulary What is a substance?
How does ozone form and why is it important? What are chlorofluorocarbons and how do they get into the atmosphere? Vocabulary chemistry substance A Story of Two Substances Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

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