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Emissions of NOx and SOx from Baltic shipping Effects on air quality and marine eutrophication Tapani Stipa, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Marke Hongisto, Jari Walden (Finnish Meterological Institute) Juha Kalli (University of Turku) Anders Brink (Åbo Akademi University)
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Shipping is a global source of emissions Shipping enjoys long-standing freedoms of the high seas Emissions from ships are difficult to measure Previous estimates were based on bunker used and estimated ship routes Updates every 5-10 years Emissions hardly regulated (until 2005 at least)
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Goals (Emission inventory) AIS information Revised emission factors
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Live emissions
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Distribution of annual NOx emission
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Verification of emission estimates fuel consumption estimate
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Wind waves and fuel consumption by hour
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NOx deposition (mgN/m 2 ) due to shipping
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Percentage of monthly NOx deposition due to ship emissions January 2007 July 2006
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Emission measurements
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measurement station in Aegna Mesurement frequency: 10 min discontinuous periods Measure- ment cabin 6 m 7 m 10,65 m -Windspeed - Temperature - Wind direction and –speed - Temperature - Measurement of gas compounds : O3, SO2 and NO/NOx -Wind speed - Temperature - Measurement of gas compounds : O3, SO2 and NO/NOx
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Measured data; example, 9h period 29.7.2007
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Shipping is a potential contributor to marine eutrophication Thought experiment: A months worth of shipping emissions would increase the nitrogen level in the sea within 10 km of the shipping lane significantly. The increase is comparable to about 5-20% of winter nutrient concentrations.
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Scenario with 5.2% growth
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Conclusions In the Baltic region, ship emissions account for up to 50% of the Nox deposition Baltic shipping creates more SOx emissions than Nordic countries (FI, SE, NO, DK) together from land- based sources Much policy-level activity both in the Baltic and internationally Should WMO liaise more closely with IMO to promote the study of shipping emissions and their effects?
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Thank you! [Quiz: where is the above picture taken from?]
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