1. SYSTEM MODEL IN NURSING PRACTICE “ HEALTH IS A CONDITION IN WHICH ALL PARTS AND SUBPARTS ARE IN THE HARMONY WITH THE WHOLE OF THE CLIENT ” - BETTY NEUMAN

3. WHAT IS SYSTEM?  A set of principles or procedures according to which something is done; an organized scheme or method.  Regularly interacting or interdependent group of units forming an integrated whole.  Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.

4. OPEN SYSTEM  HUMAN BEINGS- REACTS & ADJUST TO THE ENVIRONMENT  NURSING AS PROFESSION - SEEKS TO RESTORE TOTAL BALANCE  NURSING PROCESS – PATIENTS REACTION VICE VERSA WITH OUTCOME

5. WHAT IS THEORY?  A set of assumptions, propositions, or accepted facts that attempts to provide a plausible or rational explanation of cause-and-effect (causal) relationships among a group of observed phenomenon.  THEORIST

6. SYSTEM THEORY  Theorist emphasis: COMPONENTS AND DYNAMIC INTERACTION  INPUT, OUTPUT AND FEEDBACK – parts of the system  Input - data that go through and integrated  Output - end product of processed input  Feedback – re-evaluated and changed output back into input

8. GETTING TO KNOW THE THEORIST  1942  FARM NEAR LOWELL, OHIO  FARMER - father  HOMEMAKER - mother  Received with double honors RN Diploma from Peoples Hospital School of Nursing, Akron, Ohio in 1947  Received BS in nursing from UCLA in 1957  Received Masters degree in Mental Health, Public Health Consultation from UCLA in 1966  First book publication : Consultation and community organization in community health nursing in 1971  Her model was first published as a 'Model for teaching total person approach to patient problems' in Nursing Research in 1972

9. METAPARADIGM IN NURSING  The concept is aimed towards the development of a person in a state of wellness having the capacity to function optimally.  The main role of the nurse in her theory is to help a person to adapt with environmental stimuli causing illnesses back to state of wellness.

10. NURSING  HOLISTIC APPROACH  Therefore, a nurse must be able to adjust to meet the individual and unique needs of every client.

11. PERSON  INDIVIDUAL,FAMILY,COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY  Open system that works together with other parts of its body as it interacts with the environment.  Open system in the presence of an exchange of information and reaction with other factors surrounding a person.

12. HEALTH  DYNAMIC IN NATURE  State of wellness or illness  Degree of reaction to environmental factors  Preserves the intergrity

13. ENVIRONMENT  INTERNAL,EXTERNAL AND CREATED FORCE THAT INTERACTS WITH A PERSON’S STATE OF HEALTH  It can alter or improve the system –stressors  Stressors are tensions Intrapersonal- within the self Interpersonal- one or more individual/social being

14. SYSTEM MODEL IN NURSING PRACTICE  Client Variables Can be one or combination of physiological, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual. To achieve stability in relation to the environmental stressors.  Line of Resistance When the normal line of defense is by too much stressor, producing alterations. It acts to facilitate coping to overcome the stressors.

15.  Normal Line of Defense Stabillity of the system, must act in coordination with the normal wellness state. Actual range of responses and baseline in determining the level of wellness.  Flexible line of Defense Boundary for the normal line of defense to adjust and expanded the range of normal defense thus increasing its protection.  Stressors Forces that produce tensions, alterations or potential problems causing instability. It helps the nurses to appropriately use actions and